25 i 
The Hijlory of ANIMALS. 
Labrus maxilla inferiore longiore, cauda bifurca^ lineis utrin- 
que tranfverfs nigris. 'JZljt 
The Labrus , with the lower jaw longefl, the tail forked , and 
tranfverfe black lines on the fdes. 
This is a lefs elegant fpecies, in regard to colour, than fome of the former: the 
head is large3 the mouth is clofed by a pair of very thick lips; the eyes are large, and 
Rand at a diflance ; the noflrils have each a double aperture 3 the lower is round, the 
upper oblong and tranfverfe; the body is thick, and fomewhat broad : the fides are 
variegated with feveral tranfverfe black lines: the back fin has twenty-one rays, ten of 
which are prickly : the pe&oral fins have each of them thirteen rays5 the belly fins 
have fix rays each, and the pinna ani has nine : the fcales are large and foft, and the 
whole body is covered with an unduous fluid. 
Th is fpecies is frequent in the Mediterranean 5 and, as it varies in fize, and fome- 
times in colour, it has been defcribed by authors in general, two or three times over, 
under as many names, and as if of different fpecies. In it’s more ufual form, Wil- 
lughby calls it Sachettus Venetorum, or Cannadella Bellonii et Rondeletii 3 Ray calls 
it alfo Sachettus Venetorum3 and Gefner,' Sachetto 3 Bellonius, Aldrovand, and Jon- 
Ron call it Hepatus pifcis 5 Aldrovand, Channadella, Sachettus Venetis. In it’s other 
varied Rates Gefner calls it Chanadella, vel Channadella potius, a fimilitudine Channas 3 
the Greek writers, Xavvi, x*m 9 and 5 and the Latins from them Channa, 
Channe, and Channus 5 Salvian calls it Hatula five Canna 5 the Italians call it Sopra- 
cielo 5 and the Portuguefe, Serrau. 
Labrus ex purpuro , viridi-cceruleo , et nigro varius . ^ 
The Labrus variegated with purple , greenifo-blue, 
and black . 
Icarus. 
This is a very beautiful fpecies: the head is large, and the mouth clofed with a pair 
of lips not fo thick as in fome of the others, but flefhy and wrinkled : the eyes are large, 
and Rand at a diflance from one another 3 their iris is red, and the pupil are round and 
black : the noRrils have each a double aperture, and Rand nearer the eyes than the 
extremity of the roflrum : the back is elated 3 the belly is flat 5 the fides are rounded 
and flefhy : the fcales are large and beautiful, and the whole body of the fifh is elegantly 
variegated with a deep coppery purple, a bluifh-green, and a black. 
This fpecies is frequent in the Mediterranean 3 all the writers on fifhes have called 
it Scarus varius. 
The other fpecies of the Labrus are, 1. The forked-tailed Labrus, with the body 
all over red, called Andias, Anthias, and Sacer by authors 2. The Labrus, called by the 
Ichthyological writers the common Scaurus. 3. The yellow Labrus, with the back 
purple and the back fin continued from the head to the tail. This is defcribed by au¬ 
thors, under the names of AlpheRus and Cynasdus. 
S P A R U S. 
T H E coverings of the gills in the Sparus are fcaly 5 there are lips which cover the 
teeth in the fame manner as in quad rupeds, and the teeth themfelves are either 
like thofe of the human head, or elfe like thofe of a dog 3 the grinders or molares 
are like thofe of quadrupeds 5 the teeth Rand only in the jaws and fauces 5 the palate 
and the tongue are fmooth : there is only one back fin 3 the tail is ufually forked, and 
the eyes are covered with a lax fkin. 
The fpecies of this genus are numerous, and may therefore be conveniently ar¬ 
ranged under different divifions, according to the fhape and figure of the teeth in 
the jaws. 
SPARE 
