256 The Hiflory of A N I M A L S, 
Spar us linen longitudinalibus varius , macula nigra utrinque 
ad caudam. 
"The Sparus , with longitudinal lines , <2/^ with a black fpot 
on each fide at the tail . 
The head of this fpecies is large and comprefled ; the opening of the mouht is 
large ; the teeth are large, and fomewhat broad : the lips are thick, flefhy, and fall 
over them ; the palate and tongue are perfectly fmooth, but, befide thofe in the jaws, 
there are alfo teeth in the fauces: the eyes are large, and are covered with a lax ikin: 
the noftrils are confpicuous ; they have each a double aperture, and they ftand nearly at 
an equal diflance between the eyes and the extremity of the roftrum: the iris of the 
eye is yellow, and the pupil is round and black : the back is fomewhat acute; the belly 
is a little flatted; the Tides are prominent: there is only one back fin, and the tail is 
forked : the Tides of the fifh are elegantly variegated with a number of longitudinal 
lines, and the back is dulkier than the reft, or has a blackifh tinge in it. 
This fpecies is frequently caught about the coafts of Italy ; the Greeks were very 
well acquainted with it. Ariftotle, ALlian, Oppian, and Athenteus call it MjA* 
the Latins, in general, Melanurus; Gaza, in his comments on Ariftotle, Oculata 5 
the Italians, Occhiata ; and the Maffilians, Oblada. 
Sparus lineis utrinque undecim aureis parallelis longitudinalibus. 
The Sparus , with eleven parallel , longitudinal^ yellow lines on 
each fide. 
♦ 
The head of the Salpa is large and comprefled ; the eyes are not large ; the opening 
of the mouth is wide: the lips are thick, and perfectly clofe over it: the teeth are 
broad, and thofe of the upper jaw as bicufpidate, or have a forked apex; the palate 
and tongue are fmooth, but there are other teeth in the fauces: the noftrils have each 
a double aperture; the anterior one round; the hinder one oblong, in form of a fif- 
Ture ; they are fituate fomewhat nearer to the eyes, than to the extremity of the rof- 
trum : the back is elevated; the belly is fomewhat flat; the back fin is long, and has 
twelve prickly rays: the Ikin, at the extremity of the back fin, and of the pinna ani, is 
continued into, an eminence which is finuous in the middle : the belly fin is long, 
and the tail is forked. 
This fpecies is frequent in the Mediterranean. Ariftotle, fElian, Oppian, and Athe- 
naeus call it ; and from them all the Latin writers Salpa; the Italians call it 
Sarpa; the French, Sarpe. 
S C I m N A. 
r jjj ^ H E whole head of the Sciasna and the coverings of the gills are fcaly, and one 
1 of the laminas of thefe coverings is ferrated at the edges: the body is compref- 
fed and broad ; the back is acute ; there are teeth in the jaws and fauces: the palate 
and tongue are fmooth; there is only one fin on the back, but it has the appearance 
of a bifid one, being divided in the middle to the very bafe : the tail is equal at the ex¬ 
tremity, not forked, lunated, or any way divided. 
Scicena maxilla fuperiore longiore , inferiore cirrofa. 
The Scicena y with the upper jaw longefi 5 and the under 
one bearded. 
This is a very large fifh: it’s length is frequently five feet, and it’s weight fixty 
pounds: the ground colour is a dulky olive, with a tinge of bluifh, but it is ail over 
variegated with an admixture of other colours: the fcales are moderately large; they 
ftand in an imbricated manner, and are of a roundifh figure : the lateral line is crook¬ 
ed ; the mouth is lmall, and there is a black edge to the coverings of the gills: the 
teeth are lmall and {lender; there are a great many of them in the fauces, befide thofe 
in the jaws, but the palate and tongue are fmooth ; there is in the angle of the lower 
jaw 
