The Hijlory ^ANIMALS. 269 
back k arcuated 3 the Tides are prominent, and the belly is flatted 3 the colour is va¬ 
riegated, in an elegant manner, with blackifh, olive, and yellowifh3 there is a re¬ 
markable depreflion or hollow on the head between the eyes: the belly is of a flefh 
colour, and the ventral fins are of a deep red : the back fin has twenty-one rays, 
twelve of which are prickly3 the pedtoral fins have fixteen rays, and the ventral ones 
only fix 3 the firft of thefe is prickly: the pinna ani has eight rays, and three of them 
are prickly : the tail is large and rounded at the extremity 3 the fcales are very fmall, 
and cover one another, in a manner, flanding like thofe of the ferpent-kind : the uri¬ 
nary bladder in this fifh is remarkably large. 
It is frequent in the Mediterranean : the antients were very well acquainted with it. 
Ariftotle calls it Scorpios, and the female Xxopmt 3 Athenseus and Oppian alfo call it 
SuopirW, and after them Rondelet calls it Scorpius 3 Jonfton, Scorpius and Scorpis*; Wil- 
lughby and Ray, Scorpius minor et Scorpaena3 Paulus Jovius, Scorpena 3 and Pliny, 
Salvian, and others, Scorpaena 5 Ifidore, Cuba, and Wootton call it Scorpio 3 Gefner, 
Scorpio vel Scorpasna, id eft, Scorpius minor3 and Charleton, Scorpides five Scorpaena. 
The Italians call it Scrofanello and Pefce Scorpione. 
Scorpama tota rubern cirris plurimis ad os. 
The red Scorpcena> with numerous beards. 
This is of three times the fize of the former fpecies: the head is large, and of an 
irregular figure, and is armed with a number of fpines: the eyes are large, and Hand 
at a fmall diftance from one another on the top of the head 3 the pupil is black, and 
the iris is variegated with a number of red fpots: the body is large toward the head, 
and grows very fmall, as it approaches the tail5 the colour of the whole body and head 
is a ftrong, but fomewhat dufky, red 5 there is a tinge of blackifli with it on the back, 
which gives the whole a dufky purple hue, and the belly, on the contrary, is pale and 
flefh-coloured : the back is rounded, and the fides are prominent 3 the belly is flat 3 the 
fins are large : the pe&oral ones have each nineteen rays, and are obtufe or rounded at 
the extremities: the anus in this fpecies is fituated at a confiderable diftance from the 
pinna ani. 
This is caught, with the former, in the Mediterranean, but it is lefs frequent. Sal¬ 
vian calls this, Amply, Scorpius 3 Gefner, Scorpius fimpliciter vel major 5 Ray and 
Willughby, Scorpius major 3 Charleton, Scorpio. The Italians call it Scrofano 3 and 
the people of Marfeilles, Scorpena and Efcorpaene. 
C O T T U S. 
T H E head of the Cottus is of a depreffed figure and prickly, and is broader than 
any part of the body : there are two fins on the back 3 the anterior one has 
flexible prickles: the belly fins are very fmall, and have only four rays each, and thofe 
foft and flexile : the fkin is fmooth, or not covered with fcales 3 and the branchioftege 
membrane contains fix diftindt bones. 
Cottus alepidotus , glaber, capite diacantho. fipffltt’jS 
The fmooth Cottus , with two fpines on the head. 
This fpecies grows to about three inches in length : the head is broad, flatted, and 
irregular in it’s figure 3 it is more rounded on the upper than on the under fide, and it’s 
furface is uneven: the upper and under jaws are nearly of the fame length, but the 
extremity of the roftrum turns a little upwards: the noftrils are not very confpicuous, 
but there is a kind of valve or cirrus between the eyes, and the extremity of the 
roftrum, in the place where the noftrils of other fifties ftand : the eyes ftand very clofe 
to one another on the top of the head 3 they are large, and their pupil is greenifh, and 
the iris of a dufky yellow : the head is covered with a kind of bony lamina?, and 
one of them on each fide terminates in a fpine, which is crooked, and turned 
backwards: the branchioftege membrane is very convex, and feems as if it were in¬ 
flated with air : the mouth is very wide, and has a great number of teeth 3 there are 
more than a Angle feries of them in each of the jaws: there is a bone in the anterior 
part of the palate, which is covered alfo with a great many teeth 5 and in the fauces 
there are two bones in the upper part, which are thick-fet with teeth 3 thefe are of a 
Z z z roundifh 
