270 The Hiflory of ANIMALS* 
roundifh figure and large, and in the lower part there are two others fmaller, and of 
an obiong figure, which are alfo covered with teeth : the middle of the palate and 
the tongue is fmooth. 
The body, by degrees, grows fmaller from the head to the tail; it is rounded, and 
approaches to a conic figure, only that toward the tail it is a little deprefied : the fidn 
is fmooth and lubricous, being covered with an undtuous fluid, and having no fcales ; 
the lateral line is very confpicuous, and runs nearly ftraight, only that toward the an¬ 
terior part it is a little bent downward : the back and fides are of a dufky brownifh- 
yellow colour, variegated with a number of large black fpots: the upper part of the 
head is blackifh, and the belly is whitifh ; the fins are of a dufky yellow, with an 
admixture of black. 
There are two fins on the back, and they are nearly contiguous to one another; the 
anterior one is fmall, and has only feven fhort rays; the edge of the membrane of this 
fin is reddifh : the fecond back fin is almoft continuous to this, and is variegated with 
black fpots; it has feventeen rays, and the middle ones are the longeft of thefe : the 
pedoral fins are fpotted with black ; they are large and rounded at the ends, and they 
have fourteen rays, the extream ones of which are the fhorteft: the membrane of thefe 
fins does not reach up to the fummit of the rays, whence they appear ferrated at the 
edge : the belly fins are very fmall, and of a whitifh colour; they ftand low, and 
have only four rays, the two middle ones of which are the longeft: the pinna ani is 
fpotted ; it has thirteen, or fometimes fourteen, rays, the middle ones the longeft as in 
the other fins: the tail is variegated with black and brown fpots, and has eight long 
rays, befide a number of fhort and inconfiderable ones ; it is not quite plane, but 
fomewhat rounded, at the extremity. 
The branchiae are four on each fide: the liver is large and undivided; the ftomach 
is very large and round, and has the appearance of a bag; there are four appendages to 
the pylorus; the inteftine has but one inflexion, and then runs ftraight to the anus: 
the veliculae leminales and ovaries in the female appear double, but they are united at 
the bafe, and are included in a black membrane : the kidnies and the urinary bladder 
are large, and ftand at the lower part of the abdomen ; the peritonaeum is black; the 
vertebrae are thirty-one, and are comprefied at the fides: the ribs are ten on a fide, 
and are but flightly affixed to the vertebrae. 
This little fiffi is very common in our fhallow brooks, though it’s ftrudture and 
form of it’s parts have not been obferved : the antients were acquainted with it. Arif- 
totle call it and Kojt©- 3 ; Gaza, Bellonius, Rondelet, and Aldrovand, fimply, 
Cottus; Gefner, Cottus five Gobio fluviatilis capitatus; Cuba, Capitatus ; Salvian, Ci¬ 
tes ; Jonfton and Charleton, Gobio copitatus. The Italians call it Meflore and Capo 
Groffo 5 the French, Chalot; and we, the Bull-head, the Great-head, and the Mil¬ 
ler’s Thumb; the Swedes call it Sten-fimpa. 
Cottus fcaher tuberibus quatuor cor ?tifomnibus in medio capite. 
Tloe rough Cottus 3 with four horn- like protuberances in the middle of 
the head. 
The head of this fpecies is very large and deprefied; it is very irregularly figured, 
and has a great many prickles about it, efpecially at the fides; on the very middle 
alfo there ftand'four very Angular, large, and remarkable tubercles, having the appear¬ 
ance of fo many horns; thefe form a fquare figure, and the two anterior are the 
larger; thefe are fometimes round; the anterior ones are always fmaller and oblong, 
and the fuperficies of them all is rough, porous, and unequal: befide thefe there are 
more than twenty bony and prickly apophyfes arifing from the jaw-bones, and the la¬ 
minae about them, and covered only by a thin membrane or cuticle : there are two of 
thefe confiderably large at the upper part of the branchioftege membrane, and three 
above thefe on each fide near the horns, two at the noftrils, and one a little above the 
origin of each of the pedtoral fins; there are alfo two broader behind the horns, at the 
origin of the back, befide feveral fmall, obtufe, and fcarce obfervable ones. 
The opening of the mouth is very wide, and the upper jaw is a little longer than 
the under : the noftrils ftand fomewhat nearer to the eyes than to the extremity of the 
roftrum ; they are at a diftance from each other, and each of them has two apertures, 
but they are not very confpicuous: the eyes ftand in the upper part of the head, near 
one 
