The Hiftory of ANIMALS. 273 
they are very hard, and have in their middle a prominence which turns backward; this 
is moft eminently obfervabie in the lamina; on the back, and it is to thefe that the- 
body owes it’s angular figure j thefe laminas are, in the anterior part, difpofed in eight 
longitudinal feries: thelateral line runs nearly ftraight along the middle of the body, 
but = it bends a little toward the back, as it pafifes the pedoral fins. 
There is only one back fin, but this is cut in fo deeply toward the middle, that it 
has the appearance of two fins: the anterior part of it has five fimple and fomewhat 
prickly rays; the hinder divifion has feven rays, but they are foft, and not all prickly : 
the pedoral* fins are very large, and rounded at the extremities; they fiand low, or 
nearer the belly than the breaft of the fifh, and are variegated with black fpots 5 
they have each fifteen rays; thefe are all undivided, and the middle ones are largeft : 
the ventral fins are very fmall ; they are placed almoft clofe to one another, and fiand 
but a little below the pedoral ones: thefe have each only three rays ; the firft of thefe 
is very fhort, and is prickly at it’s point, but it adheres firmly to the fecond ; the pin¬ 
na ani fiands juft over-againft the hinder divifion of the back fin ; it has only fix rays, 
and they are all undivided at the extremities: the tail is rounded at the extremity, and 
has eleven or twelve rays, which are not at all prickly, nor ramofe. 
This fpecies grows to about fix inches in length, and is confiderably thick, in pro¬ 
portion. Ray, Willughby, and almofi all the writers on fifhes have called it Cata¬ 
phradus ; and we, in Cornwall, call it the Pogge : it is very frequent in the Baltic, 
and is not uncommon about our own fhores in many places. 
The other fpecies of the Cottus are, 1. The very fmall, flatt-headed Cottus. 2. 
The larger, thick-headed Cataphradus. 3. The larger, flender-bodied Cataphradus ; 
and, 4. The finaller, gibbofe-backed, thick-bodied Cataphradus. 
ZEUS. 
I '' |"'A H E body of the Zeus is very broad, thin, and comprefled ; the head alfo is 
comprefled and thin : the fcales are rough ; there is only one fin on the back, 
but it is very long, and is cut in fo deeply near the anterior part, that it appears to be 
two fins: the branchioftege membrane does not confift of parallel bones, as in other fifh, 
but has a number of oflicles of various figures; fome of them placed longitudinally, 
fome tranfverfely, and fome obliquely. 
Zeus ventre aculeato 3 cauda in extremo circinnata. 
The ZeuSj with an acideated belly , and the tail rounded 
at the end . 
This is a very fingularly fhaped fifh, but it is very far from a beautiful one; it 
is extreamly broad, in proportion to it’s length : it’s head is large, comprefled, and of 
a monftrous form, and the mouth is enorqioufly wide, and firangely cut: the eyes are 
large, and the noftrils have each a double aperture : the body is very thin, though fo 
very broad ; it’s colour is a dufky olive, with a ftrong admixture of affine gold yel¬ 
low, and in the middle of each fide there is a very large, round, black fpot: the late¬ 
ral line is very crooked, and is turned up toward the back, in the greater part of it’s 
courfe. 
The anterior divifion of the back fin has ten prickles, under which there are as 
many rays: the fecond, or hinder, divifion of the back fin, has twenty-four rays ; the 
pedoral fins have each fourteen rays ; the ventral fins have each feven rays, and the 
firft of them is prickly: the pinna ani has twenty-fix rays, the four firft of which are 
prickly and long; there are alfo feries of prickles at the bafe of the back fin, and of 
the pinna ani, and all along the belly : the tail is rounded. 
This fpecies is fiequent in the Mediterranean, and is fometimes caught in our own 
feas : the antients were acquainted with it. The Greeks call it Kott©h> and X<%Ayj& ; 
Pliny calls it Zeus and Faber; Paulus Jovius calls it Citula five fandi Petri pifcis; and, 
in another part of his work, C'orvus; Rondelet, Gefner, Willughby, and Ray call it 
Faber five Gallus marinas ; and moft of the other writers, fimply, Faber. The Spa¬ 
niards calls it Gal; the Italian, Citula and Pefce fan Pietro; the Genoefe, Rotula; the 
French, Doree ; and we, the Doree, or John Doree, a corruption of the Jaune Doree of 
4 A the 
