T’he Hijlory of ANIMAL S« 295 
The eves are round, fmall, and fituated very diftant from the roftrum, and co¬ 
vered with a cuticle : their iris is of a filvery white, but obfcured by a number of little 
black fpots3 it eafily becomes red, on preffing the fifh, in handling it, but that is not 
it’s natural colour; near the eyes, and in other parts of the head, there are fome little 
pun&ula, having the appearance of duds, but nothing can be preffed out of them: 
there are no vifible noftrils, but there are two foramina or openings on the middle of 
the head 5 a little before the eyes thefe run backwards, and have not their opening, as 
is ufually fuppofed, into the mouth, but are continued to the lungs, and commu¬ 
nicate with their anterior part, after palling in form of a dud all along, between the 
two bodies of which they are formed. There run in a ftraight line a feries of feven 
roundifh or oval apertures on each fide, from the head downwards5 thefe anfwer the 
purpofes of the gills in other fifties. 
In the middle of the head of this fifh, between the eyes, there is ufually a round, 
large, red fpot, but this is fometimes faint, fometimes almoft entirely wanting ; fome- 
times it has no rednefs, but is merely white: the under part of the fifh is wholly 
naked 3 there are no pedoral fins, no ventral ones, nor any pinna ani: there are on the 
back two fins3 they are membranaceous and foft, and are both fituated near the hinder 
part: the anterior of thefe is the fmaller and fhorter, the hinder one is taller and 
longer 3 it is higheft in the middle, and decreafes to the extremity : juft as it approach¬ 
es the tail, it becomes extreamly low, and after this is again a little broader, and fur- 
rounds the extremity of the tail5 fo that what is called the tail in this fpecies is not 
properly fo, but is only a continuation of the hinder back fin. From the termination 
of the hinder part of this tail fin, there runs a flender red eminence, in form of a 
thread, to the anus: both the fins of the back are fupported by cartilaginous inftead 
of bony rays3 they are numerous, and are fimple at the botrom, but from the mid¬ 
dle upwards they are bifid 3 this, however, is not to be diftinguifhed, unlefs the fkin 
of the fifh be pulled off. 
There is no regular lateral line, but there ftand certain pun&ula, at a diftance from 
one another, in the anterior part of the body 5 but thefe are not diftinguifhable, unlefs 
when the fifh is frefh caught: the inteftine is fimple, and has no volutions, but runs 
ftraight from the ftomach to the anus: the ovary is fingle, but it is divided into a 
number of lobes3 the liver is large and undivided 3 the heart is conic, there is no dif¬ 
tinguifhable air-bladder: the ftomach is large and red 3 there are no gills, but in 
the place of them there are feven bodies on each fide, which fupply the place of 
lungs, and have fomewhat of the form of thofe of fome animals 5 each of thefe has it’s 
aperture in the anterior part, communicating with the external aperture which runs 
obliquely to it. 
This fifh is frequent with us in our brooks and rivulets in fome places, and is common 
alfo to mod of the northern parts of Europe: all the Ichthyological writers have de- 
fcribed it. Rondelet, Gefner, Willughby, and Ray call it Lampetra parva et fiuvia- 
tilis3 Aldrovand, Jonfton, Schoneveldt, and Charleton call it Lampetra fluviatilis Gef- 
neri3 Salvian, Lampetra fubcinerea maculis carens, and, in other places, Lampetra mi¬ 
nor • Aldrovand has alfo called it Lampetra minima 3 Pliny and moft of the old La¬ 
tin writers mean this fpecies by their Muftela: Beilonius alfo calls it Muftela fluviati¬ 
lis, and Aufonius, Muftela 3 Caffiodore calls it Exormiftos, and Albin, Muraena. 
Many of the writers on -fifties have alfo defcribed it over again, as if of a different 
fpecies, under the name of Alterum genus Lampetra? and Lamp reds? genus minus 3 
Salvian alfo calls it, in this ftate, Pryk 3 and Jonfton and Aldrovand, Fricka. We 
call it a Tamper^ Plot calls it the Pride of the Ifis j the Swedes call it Natting 
and Nuenogen 5 and the Germans, Nuenangen. 
Petromyzon maculofus ordinibus dentiurn circiter vigintu 
The jpotted Petromyzon, with about twenty rows of teeth . 
This grows to two feet and a half, or more, in length, but the greater number 
that are caught are much lefs: the head is fmall, rounded, and obtufe, and fcarce at 
all diftinguifhed from the body, except by it’s want of thieknefs: the eyes are fmall; 
they ftand on the fides, not at the top of the head, and are placed very high, or at a 
great diftance from the extremity of the roftrum 5 the noftrils are not confpicuous: 
1 the 
%l)t %n\n= 
pr tv* 
