The Hiftory ^/ANIMALS* 307 
tares or holes behind the eyes: the foramina of the gills are fmall; they are f ve on 
each fide, and run lengthwife down the bread: from the mouth : the lateral fins are 
Very large and broad ; the tail is but about half as long as the body, but it is ufually 
armed with a double fpine, ferrated on the hinder part: the points of the aculei, in 
this fpecies, turn backwards, and the aculei themfelves have long furrows. 
We have this fpecies alfo fometimes in our own feas, but it is lefs frequent than the 
other. Columna call it, Paftinacha marina altera jrrspmrXotrsi'ot altacula dida 5 and Ray 
has taken the fame name. 
Raia corpore glahro , aculeo longo ferrato in cauda pinnata . 
The fimooth-bodied Raia, with a long ferrated fpine on a 
finny tail. 
This is a large and a very fingular fpecies 3 the roftrum is oblong, obtufe at the ex¬ 
tremity, and has.fomewhat of the figure of the head of a toad: the eyes are large, 
prominent, and fet at a confiderable difiance from one another ; their iris is of a pale 
orange colour, and the pupil of a greenifh-black : the back of the fifh is fomewhat 
gibbofe, and the whole body is thicker than in many of the other fpecies: the mouth 
19 krge and tranfverfe, and the teeth are numerous3 the apertures of the gills are 
fmall 3 they are placed five on each fide, running down each way of the bread from 
the mouth, and behind the eyes there are alfo two large apertures, one to each eye : the 
fide fins are remarkably large3 they are pointed at the fummit, and are eafily move- 
able in any diredion : the tail is very long and fender, and has, at it’s origin, two 
little fins, and it is furnifhed with a long, fharp, and ferrated fpine, of a white colour, 
and bony ftrudure. 
This fpecies is frequently caught in the Mediterranean, and fometimes, though 
rarely, in the Northern Seas: the antients were well acquainted with it. Arifiode 
calls it ’A stag ; and Athenasus and Oppian give it the fame name 5 Pliny, jonfton, Sal- 
vian, Willughby, and Ray, all call it, fimply, Aquila3 Bellonius and Gefner, Aquila 
marina; Aidrovand, Aquila prior5 and Columna, Paftinacha marina lasvis altera 
> 6 '£v?rT£pofog Aquilone dida. The Italians call , it Aquilone 3 and we, the Eagle-fifh, or 
the Sea-eagle. 
R A I M. 
' Divifion the Second\ 
Thofie which have oblong aitd acute teeth. 
Raia toto dorfio aculeato , duplici ordine aculeorum in cauda , 
fimplicique ad oculos. 
The prickly-backed Raia> with two fieries of prickles on the 
tail , and one fieries over each eye . 
npHis is a fingular fpecies: the body is confiderably broad, in proportion to it’s 
length, but it is alfo thick 3 the back is fomewhat gibbofe, but the belly is. 
more fiat 3 the roftrum is oblong and acute : the eyes are not very large, but they are 
prominent, and there is an aperture behind each : the mouth is tranfverfe and large, 
and it is furnifhed with a number of fharp teeth : the apertures of the gills run down 
from it on each fide along the breaft 5 they are fmall, and there are five of them on 
each fide : the back is of a greyifh-yellow colour, with fome fpots of black, and is co~ 
vered all over with ftiort fpines, Handing very clofe to one another: the belly is white, 
and has no fpots3 the tail is long and {lender, and has two rows of fpines on it, and 
there is alfo a fingle feries of them on each of the eyes. 
This fpecies is frequent in our own and other of the Northern Seas. Willughby 
calls it Raia afpera noftras 5 Rondelet, Gefner, Chaileton, and others, Raia fullonica 
and our common people call it the white Horfe. 
Raia 
