The Hiftory of A N I M A L S& 443 
and in good condition5 but, if it be ftormy, they are thrown up dead by thoufands at 
a time on the fhore, frarved and mere fkeletons. It is along way that they travel ; 
and they can only come on the furface of the water, and muft feed all the way, which 
is not to be done in tempeftuous weather. In Auguft, or in the beginning of Septem¬ 
ber, they go away in a body. Our fifhermen tell us, that they fometimes find a few 
of them in a torpid Rate, in the cracks of rocks in winter3 but the flay of thefe is 
accidental, and probably they all perifh. 
All the writers on natural hiftory have named this fingular bird, but they have dif* 
tinguifhed it by fo many different appellations, fome of them common alio to other 
fpecies, that their accounts have great confufion. Gefner calls it Puphinus Anglus j 
Aldrovand, Fratercula marina five Pica marina 5 Martin, Avis glacialis 3 Cluftos, in his 
Exotics, Anas ardica3 and Ray, Willughby, and many others have borrowed this laft 
name 5 Wormius calls it Anas ardica Clufii, and Bartholine, Lunda avis^ 
Ale a roflri fulcis 0EI0 , macula alba ante oculum. 
The Alca> with eight furrows on the beak, and a 50 j t 
white fpot before the eye . 
This is a very large and fingular bird 3 it is equal to the common goofe in fize, 
but in all refpeds refembles the fpecies of Alca already deferibed, except in the fpeGi¬ 
ft c diftindions: the head is large, and flatted on the crown 3 the eyes are moderately 
large, and their iris is grey, with a tinge of yellow : the beak is of a kind of triangu¬ 
lar figure, comprefied at the fides, and a little hooked juft at the extremity; it is be¬ 
tween three and four inches in height, and has eight of the furrows which diftinguifti 
the birds of this genus on it, but they are not exadly tranfverfe, but oblique ; thefe are 
toward the extremity of the upper chap, and the eighth is fo faint, that it is eafy to 
overlook it: the lower chap has no lefs than ten fuch furrows, but they are fainter • 
the whole beak is black, and the opening of the mouth is enormoufly wide 5 there is 
a protuberance alfo at the angle of the lower chap. 
The head is black, only that there runs a white line on each fide, from the beajt to 
the eyes: the back and wings, and indeed the whole upper part of the body are black, 
and the breaft and belly, or whole under part are white : the wings are very fhort, and 
the tail alfo is fhort : the feet ftand very backward : the legs are fhort and black* 
and the toes connected by a membrane. 
This is a native of moft of the northern parts of Europe, and has been deferibed 
by all the writers on birds. Willughby calls it Penguin nautis noftratibus dicSfta qure 
Grofugel Hoieri efle videtur5 Bartholine calls it Avis Garfahl3 Clufius, Anfer Magel- 
lanicus 3 Wormius, Anfer Magellanicus Penguin 3 and Ray, limply. Penguin. It 
feeds on fea-fifh, and on many of the infeds and fmall animals that frequent the 
fhores. 
Alca rofiri fulcis quatuor , lima utrinque alba a rojlro 
ad oculos . 
The Alca ? with four furrows on the beak 3 and with a frflL- 
white line on each fide the head. 
This is a much fmaller fpecies than any of the former. It is not equal to the com¬ 
mon duck in fize : the head is large, in proportion to the body, and is rounded at the 
fides, but a little flatted on the crown 3 the eyes are moderately large, and their afped 
is very bright and piercing 3 the beak is of the nature of that of the others of this 
genus, but it is ftill more fingular than in any of them: it is about an inch and a 
quarter in length 3 it is throughout of a black colour, and is narrow and comprefied at 
the fides: a little above the noftrils there runs a very deep furrow, and the beak is* 
from it’s bafe to this mark, covered with a fine downy and foft plumage 3 there are 
three 
