99 
information on anticipated chlorophyll a concentrations upon attainment of the 
dissolved oxygen and/or water clarity criteria. Given that these model-simulated 
results reflect tidal water quality conditions estimated to attain the dissolved oxygen 
criteria 4 , these segments should be targeted for adoption of numerical chlorophyll a. 
The jurisdictions should note that management-applicable Chesapeake Bay water 
quality model results are not available for all 78 Chesapeake Bay Program segments 
(Linker et al. 2002). 
LITERATURE CITED 
Harding, L. W. Jr. and E. S. Perry. 1997. Long-term increase of phytoplankton biomass in 
Chesapeake Bay, 1950-1994. Marine Ecology> Progress Series 157:3952. 
Heiskary, S. A. and W. W. Walker. 1988. Developing phosphorus criteria for Minnesota lakes. 
Lake and Reservoir Management 4:1-10. 
Linker, L.C., G. W. Shenk, P. Wang, C. F. Cerco, A. J. Butt, P. J. Tango and R. W. Savidge. 
2002. A Comparison of Chesapeake Bay Estuary Model Calibration With 1985-1994 
Observed Data and Method of Application to Water Quality’ Criteria. Modeling Subcom¬ 
mittee, Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Annapolis, Maryland. 
Molvaer, J., J. Knutzen, J. Magnusson, B. Rygg, J. Skei and J. Sorensen. 1997. Environ¬ 
mental quality classification in fjords and coastal areas. Statens Forurensningstilsyn 
TA1467, Norway. 36 pp. 
Novotny V. and Olem H. 1994. Water Quality’: Prevention. Identification and Management of 
Diffuse Pollution. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York, New York. 1054pp. 
Olson, M. 2002. Benchmarks for nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll and suspended solids in 
Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Report Series, Chesapeake Bay 
Program, Annapolis, Maryland. 
Ryding, S. O. and W. Rast. 1989. The control of eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. Man 
and the Biosphere Series, Volume /, UNESCO, Parthenon Publication Group, Park Ridge, 
New Jersey. 314 pp. 
Smeltzer, E. and S. A. Heiskary. 1990. Analysis and Applications of Lake User Surv ey Data. 
Lake and Reservoir Management 6( 1): 109-118. 
Smith, V. H. 1998. Cultural eutrophication of inland, estuarine and coastal waters. In: Pace, 
M. L. and P. M. Groffman (eds.). Successes, Limitation and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science. 
Springer-Verlag, New York, New York. Pp. 7-49. 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Ambient Water Quality’ Criteria for Dissolved 
O.xvgen, Water Clarity’ and Chlorophyll a for the Chesapeake Bay and Its Tidal Tributaries. 
EPA 903-R-03-002. Region III Chesapeake Bay Program Office, Annapolis, Maryland. 
Wetzel, R. G. 2001. Limnology’—Lake and River Ecosystems, 3 rd Edition. Academic Press, 
New York, New York. 
4 The applicable water clarity may not be attained within the model simulated output given suspended 
sediment contributions to reduced water clarity conditions independent of the algal contribution to 
reduced water clarity conditions. 
chapter ix 
Determining Where Numerical Chlorophyll a Criteria Should Apply 
