116 
BOTANY. 
plains. Another simple form, but scarcely half as large, occurs in Colorado 
and possibly in Eastern Utah. 
Mamillaria Nuttallh, Eng. Smaller, globose, simple or sometimes 
csespitose, with fewer (10—20) weaker ash-colored spines; flowers yellow, 
1—2 X broad; berries scarlet, subglobose ; seeds few, black, globose, pitted.— 
Common on the eastern slopes of the mountains of Colorado and perhaps to 
be found in Eastern Utah. 
Echinocactus 1 Simpsoni, Eng. Simple, globose or depressed, with 
ovate tubercles like a Mamillaria , bearing about 20 outer ash-colored spines 
and 5-10 stouter darker inner ones, all straight and rigid; flowers from 
the top of the just developing tuibercles, small, 9-12" broad, yellowish-green 
to purplish; scales on the ovary very few ; berry small, dry, with few black 
tuberculated seeds.^-Butte and Kobe Valleys, Utah, (H. Engelmann;) fre¬ 
quent on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado; flowering in 
April and May. [Found on the Havallah, Battle and Toyabe Mountains, and 
above Thousand Spring Valley, Nevada, only on high rocky ridges; 7-8,000 
feet altitude ; July, in flower. Heads 2-5' in diameter, often clustered, the 
fleshy interior frequently colored., s. w.] A small variety, resembling forms 
of M. vivipara in habit, but the tubercles grooveless and fruiting at top, has 
spines 4-6" long, the inner scarcely different; a larger form has much larger 
tubercles and. spines, often 12-14" long, the inner ones bright reddish- 
brown. (433.) 
Echinocactus Whipplei, Eng. & Big. Middle-sized, globose or oval, 
with 13 interrupted rib's ; outer spines 7-11, mostly ivory-white, the lowest 
darkish, the upper much longer, flat and often curved; central spines 4, the 
upper broader, longer, white, the others brown, the lowest hooked; flowers 
greenish-red, with few (2-5) sepals on the ovary, 9-15" long, not quite so 
wide; seeds few, large, tuberculate.—Heads 3-5' high ; spines 3-20" long. 
On the lower Colorado, (Bigelow, Newberry;) in Desert Valley, west*of 
Sevier Lake, Utah, (H. Engelmann;) the latter with more radial spines 
and often with more than one hooked. 
Echinocactus polyancistrus, Eng. & Big. Medium-sized, oval, with 
1 ECHINOCACTUS, Link & Otto. Sepals and petals united beyond the sepal-bearing ovary into 
a short tube. Berry globose or oval, juicy or dry, covered with scales and sometimes \vdth wool. Seeds 
brown or black; embryo usually curved over a small albumen ; cotyledons short, foliaceous, parallel to 
the sides of the seed.—Globose or oval, mostly simple, generally many-ribbed with bunches of spines on 
the ribs, rarely tuberculated; flowers near the top, just above and close to the spines of the same season, 
usually large, as wide as long, open only in sunshine. 
