80 
SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OE THE SPECIES 
This species has given cause to a good deal of discussion in regard to the presence or absence of scales ; but though 
I have examined a number of specimens said to have no scales, among others the original var. nefrens of Sweden, I 
have never failed to discover that organ, though sometimes in a very defective state ; I, therefore, cannot doubt that it 
is always present, but frequently so small and especially so very thin as to escape detection. In dry specimens, soaked 
or boiled, it adheres to the tube of the corolla so closely that it is scarcely possible to see or to separate it ; 
but it is readily discovered and detached in the dry flower, if not too much mashed impressing.^ The scales [469 (19) ] 
are rarely rounded, oftener truncate, and toothed at the apex, most commonly bifid, and fimbriate or toothed, 
or consisting of two distinct lateral dentate or entire, often extremely small, lobes. 
The capsule is commonly depressed, but a form with an elevated conic capsule, var. conocarpa , is not rare. Both 
often grow together, and cannot be distinguished otherwise. 
Yar. Indica has more crowded, smaller flowers, and perhaps a little longer styles. A specimen from Sarepta on 
Alhagi Camelorum, in the Herbarium of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, has still smaller flowers, but shows no 
other, to me, appreciable difference. 
Yar. View has often a more solid texture of the flower and fruit; which last does not open before full maturity, 
and may thus in herbaria sometimes seem to be indehiscent, while usually the capsules of dried specimens readily 
open long before they are quite ripe. A specimen from Hayti has larger flowers, fruit, and seed than any other I 
have seen. ■ . r 
G. Europcea inhabits the greater part of Europe and the mountains of Asia to the Himalaya. I* have seen no 
specimens from Africa, or from Spain south of the Pyrenees, from Sicily or Greece. In Italy it grows near Rome! and 
Naples! also in Asia Minor ! on the Caucasus ! in Persia! Affghanistan ! Thibet! and on the Himalaya! in general. 
Once only it seems to have been seen in America; Poiteau! in Herb. Neufchatel, gathered it on Vicia in Hayti, where 
it no doubt was introduced from Europe. 
The following formidable list of synonyms shows how much this species has exercised botanists: — 
C. major , Bauh. Pin. 219 ; DC. FI. Fr. III. 644 ; DC.! Prod. IX. 452. C. filiformis , a, Lam. FI. Fr. II. 307. 
C. tetranda, Moench Meth. 461. G. vulgaris , Pers. Syn. I. 289. C. tubulosa, Presl! Del. 215. C. Epithymum , Thud. 
FI. Par. 85, not L. ! C. Epienidea , Bernhardi Thur. Gartz. 1844, nro. 4. 6. halophyta , Fries! N. Mant. I. 8. C. halo- 
phila l Sum. Yeg. 1.191. C. monogyna, Schmidt, FI. Bohem. and in soihe herbaria, not Vahl. C. Ligustri , Areschoug, 
Revis. Cusc. Suec. p. 17. (7. tettqsperma , Jan! in sched. C. hyalina, Boiss.! in sched., not Roth. — C. Segetum , Rota 
in Giorn. Bot. Ital. II. 247, and C. View , Schultz, ap. DesM.^Ure overgrown and often very destructive forms on fields 
of Vida, Medicago , etc. — C. Epitriphyllum, Bernh. 1. ;c. 1844* nro. 4 ; C- Schkuhriana, Pfeiff. Bot. Zeit. 1845, p. 673 ; 
C. Europcea , var. nefrens Fries! Sum. Yeg. T, 191, and var. vacua Gren: and God. FI. Fr. II. 504, are names given to 
a supposed form without scales. —Var. Pontica, C. Koch in Linnsea XIX. 19, I have not seen. C. brachy- 
styla , C. Koch! in L. XXII. 747, is a form with often patulous lacinise and with conic capsule. C. capillaris, [470 (20)] 
Edgeworth! Linn. Transact. XX. 68, is a more densely glomerate form from the Himalaya, with short 
se and very short bifid scales. 
\f 8. C. Kurdica, n. sp.: caulibus capillaceis; glomefulis parvis paucifloris bractea ovata acuminata suffultis; 
noribus arete sessilibus plertimque 4-meris ; calycis fere ad basin divisi lobis ovato-laneeolatis acutis crassiusculis 
tubum corollse superantibus ; laciniis ovato-lanceolatis erectis seu -conniventibus (denpim capsulse arete cinctse 
adpressis) tubo fere longioribus; staminibus quam lacinise multo brevioribus, antheris parvis subrotundis apiculatis 
filamento vix brevioribus ; squamis basi tubi affixis parvis hyalinis tenuissimis truncatis ; stylis ovario paulo, capsula 
depressa multo brevioribus. ? , 
On the Gara Mountain, Kurdistan, Kotschy! PI. Al. Kurd. 388, b. under the name of O. minor , fide Choisy and 
C. alpina, Hohenacker, in sched.; Kurdistan, J. Brant! in Hb. Hooker. — In texture and habit resembling C. Europcea, 
but scales even yet thinner; flowers fewer, more closely sessile ; lobes of calyx and corolla acute; corolla on the fruit 
globose, closely investing the whole capsule ; styles very short and slender, not as much divaricate as in the allied 
— Flowers 1 line long ; seeds large in proportion, 0.5-0.6 lines long. 
C. Persica, Decaisne in Hb. Mus. Par.: caule filiformi; floribus sessilibus arete glomeratis bractea ovata 
sen orbiculata suffultis ; calycis campanulati lobis ovatis acutis corollse tubum superantibus ; laciniis tubo vix 
longioribus ovatis abrupte acuminatis ssepe papillosis, erectis demuni patulis; staminibus brevibus ; squamis spatu- 
latis laciniato-fimbriatis faucem sequantibus incurvis; stylis brevibus subulatis vix ad medium stigmatosis in capsula 
tenuissima depressa corolla investita suberectis. 
Ispahan, Persia, Aucher-Eloy! Herbier d’Orient in Hb. Mus. Paris, without number, apparently on some 
species of Lactuca. — A very distinct species, of which a single specimen only has come under my observation. The 
tough corolla totally invests and, as it would seem, supports the extremely thin capsule, just as in C. capitata , to which 
it is also allied by the subulate styles; scales larger than in any allied form, their fringes covering the top of the 
capsule. — Flowers 1J lines long; seeds J line long, strongly reticulate. 
