MamUlaria. 
. CACTACE M 
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in many series, the cohering bases of all of which coat the inferior 1-celled maBy- 
ovuled ovary,. and above it form a tube or cup, nectariferous at base. Style 1, 
with several or numerous stigmas. Fruit a pulpy or rarely dry 1-celled berry, 
with numerous campylotropous seeds (without or with some albumen) on several 
parietal placentae. 
An order of few genera, comprising a large number of species, peculiar to the warmer parts of 
America, and confined in California to the southern and southeastern districts. 
Suborder I. CAGTEiE. • 
No leaves proper : spines never barbed. Flower-bearing and spine-bearing areolae 
distinct. Tube of the sessile solitary flowers well developed, often long. Seeds 
brown or black,-mostly small. — The limits between the genera are arbitrary. 
1. Mamillaria. Globose of oval plants, covered with hpine-bearing tubercles. Flowers (usually 
small) from between the tubercles. Ovary naked. Seeds without albumen. 
2. Echinocactus. Globose or oval plants, stouter than the last, usually ribbed ; bundles of 
spines on the ribs. Flowers mostly larger, from the youngest part of the ribs close above 
the nascent bunches of spines. Ovary covered with sepals. Seeds albuminous. 
3. Cereus. Oval or columnar plants, sometimes tall, ribbed or angled ; bundles of spines on the 
ribs. Flowers usually larger, close above bundles of full grown, (older) spines. Ovary 
covered with sepals. Seeds without albumen. 
Suborder II. OPUNTIEiE. 
; Leaves small, subulate, early -deciduous. Sessile and solitary flowers from the 
same areolae as the always barbed spines: tube of the flowers short, cup-shaped. 
Seeds larger, whitish, covered with a bony arillus. 
4. Opuntia. Branching or-jointed plants : joints flattened or cylindrical. 
, - Suborder III. PEIRESCIM, with flat persistent leaves, spines never barbed, flowers 
usually peduncled and often paniculate, with a very short tube, and large black albuminous seeds, 
includes the genus Peirescia of the tropics, in aspect very unlike the rest of the order. No species 
'have been found in California, but they may be expected in the Peninsula. 
1. MAMILLARIA, Haworth. 
, Flowers about as long as wide; the tube campanulate. or funnel-shaped. Ovary, 
often hidden between the bases of the tubercles, as well as the exsert succulent 
berry, naked. Seeds yellowish-brown to black, exalbuminous or nearly so. Embryo 
imostly short and straight, with extremely short cotyledons parallel to the sides of 
the seed. — Small more or less globose or oval simple or .cespitose plants, the spine- 
bearing areolae borne on cylindric, oval, conic, or angular tubercles, which cover the 
body of the plant., Flowers from a distinct woolly or bristly areola at the base 
of these tubercles, fully open in sunlight, mostly only for a few hours. 
§ 1. Flower's usually- small,- lateral from the axils of .older or full-grown tubercles. 
Our species have limpid juice and exsert ovaries. - — Eumamillaria. ; 
1. M. Goodridgii, Scheer. Oval to spbcylindrical, mostly single* covered with 
crowded ovate tubercles and a dense mass-of gray and dusky thin spines; axils of 
the younger tubercles woolly and bristly: the 10 to 15 outer spines radiating and 
whitish; the 1 to 3 inner ones longer, stouter and dark brown, of which the stout¬ 
est Is strongly hooked : lower sepals fringed : petals about 8, ovate, awned : stigmas 
5 to 6 : club-shaped berry scarlet •. seeds obovate, minute, black, delicately pitted. — 
Salm. Cact. 1849, 91; Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 8, t. 8, fig. 9-14. 
Botanical 
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