59 1 ] ENGELMANN-—AMER. JUNIPERS OF SEC. SABINA. 9 
with small i-seeded berries.—This form connects the northwestern jf. occi- 
dentalis with the southern J. tetragona , so that it is sometimes difficult 
to clearly separate them. 
6. J. tetragona, Schlechtend.: A low bush with spreading branches 
and thick sharply quadrangular branchlets; leaves closely appressed, ob¬ 
tuse, strongly keeled, distinctly denticulate; anther-scales obtusish, short- 
cuspidate; berries globose, dark blue-black (4-5 lines thick), 3-5 seeded, 
seeds angular and more or less grooved or pitted.—Linnaea 12, 495 (1838) ; 
Parlat. 1. c. 491. (See Fig. 6.) 
Var. oligosperma, a bush or low tree; berries smaller, with 1 or 2 
more regularly formed seeds. 
Mexico, Real del Monte, Ehrenberg, Hart/weg, 436^ Ukde ; Orizaba, 
Linden.— A low shrub3-6 feet high. The variety from Saltillo, Gregg, 
106 & 398, 10-30 feet high, with seeds somewhat similar to var. ? con- 
jungens of the last species, and occasionally protruding, but with stouter 
branchlets. 
7. J. Sabina, Lin.; var. procumbens, Pursh.: A prostrate shrub with 
appressed or slightly squarrose acute leaves in pairs, margin slightly or 
indistinctly denticulate; anther-scales obtusish, nearly entire; berry on 
Short recurved peduncles, 3-4 lines in diameter, with 1 or 2,.rarely 3, often 
rough seeds. —FI. 2, 647 (1816) ; J. Sabina , Michx. FI. 2, 246; Parlat. 
I. C. 484; J. prostrata, Pers. syn. 2, 632; J. repens, Nutt. gen. 2, 245; 
J. Sabina, (3 kumilis, Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2, 166. (See Fig. 7.) 
From Maine and New Brunswick to the shores of the great Lakes and 
northward to the Hudson Bay regions; westward to the Yellowstone River 
and to British Columbia and the Pacific coast.—Michaux as well as Hooker 
seem to indicate that northward the ordinary form of J. Sabina is also 
found, but I have seen no specimens; the plants from the localities given 
above are all prostrate, spreading over and closely carpeting sandy shores 
and rocks, with stems up to 1 inch or more in thickness, with red heart- 
wood and brown scaly, scarcely shreddy bark; the branches extend 6-10 
feet or more; branchlets often covered with subacerose leaves, and some¬ 
times even bearing fruit in that state; but generally the fertile plants have 
the short, appressed leaves common to the whole section. Mr. H. Gill- 
man— late-of Detroit, now in Waldo, Florida — who has very attentively 
studied the Flora of the Upper Lake country, found the branches usually 
flattened, and with eccentric annual rings. He observed that where they 
recline on rocky soil, the lower part, touching the rock, is rubbed off, or 
the formation of wood there prevented; but where they spread over fine 
sand, the lower side is protected and the upper surface undergoes a similar 
process through the friction of wind-driven sand. He occasionally found 
berries even 5 lines thick, containing as many as 4 seeds. 
8. J. Virginiana, Lin. : The largest, the widest spread and the most 
useful of our American Junipers, commonly of pyramidal form, with 
shreddy bark and red and aromatic heartwood; slender 4-angled branch- 
lets, with opposite obtuse or mostly acutish leaves with entire margins; 
