Publ. 31. Vlll. 1932. 
41 
SYNCHLORA. By L. B. Proitt. 
4. Genus: Synchlora Guen. 
General characters of Racheaspilcc, the <$ antennal pectinations long. $ with 3rd joint of palpus 
elongate. Abdomen dorsally with white spots or line or entirely unornamented. Wings delicate, margins smooth; 
hindwing with costal always anastomosing with subcostal, often strongly. Larva, so far as known, with spined 
prominences to which are attached withered portions of the foodplant. 
Probably another superfluous genus, evidently intergrading with our section B of Racheospila. It is, 
however, still uncertain whether it may not be better to remove the latter group hither than to sink Synchlora. 
The absence of the cell-dots and of all red coloration from the wings and abdomen of the present group, though 
producing a distinct impression, is in any case not sufficient for generic separation. 
S. delieatula Dogn. is unknown to me but I was informed by its author that the hindwing venation 
brings it here. A very small, delicate green species, distinguished from all the others by the absence of definite 
white lines, though the wings are marked with copious white strigulae; a subterminal line better indicated than 
any other markings. St. Laurent du Maroni, Trench Guiana, 1 
S. denticularia Walk. (= excurvaria Pack.) (4 k) differs from the other dentate-lined species in having the 
face green. Otherwise closely similar to frondaria (4 k). E. and S. United States and Bermuda. Larva light brown, 
shaded with black, surface granular and with reddish points and raised spots; clothes itself with fragments 
of the foodplant. On Solidago, Vervian, Rudbeckia, etc. — albicostaria H.-Sch. is possibly synonymous, but 
seems to have the lines weaker, chiefly developed as dots on the veins. Described from Cuba, known also from 
Porto Rico and the Bahamas. —- pallida Warr., from Bonaire (Leeward Is.), appears to be a pale form of the 
same species, but the type is not fresh enough to study satisfactorily. Warren calls its face “ochreous green”; 
if this is really faded from red, it will belong with frondaria. 
S. frondaria Guen. (= minuata Walk.) (4 k). Pace red. Lines zigzag, in weakly marked specimens 
appearing subpunctiform. The most widely distributed Synchlora, extending from Mexico to Argentina. The 
type was from Cayenne. — avidaria Pearsall, described as being very near denticularia in size, shape and colour, 
is probably synonymous with frondaria, or at most a North American race, of a bright pea-green colour. Its very 
wide range in the southern States (S. California, Arizona, Florida) strongly points to this conclusion, and the 
few examples which I have seen (including one from the type locality, Palmer lee) show no tangible distinction. 
S. liquoraria Guen.{ = tricoloraria Pack.) (4 k). On an average larger than frondaria and of a slightly 
more yellowish green, the lines less sinuous and less denticulate, yet not so smooth as in rubrifrontaria. Described 
from California, but extending eastward to Colorado and northward to British Colombia and Alberta. 
S. rubrifrontaria Pack. (= rufofrontaria Gppbg.) (41) has, like the two preceding, a red face, but is 
very distinct from frondaria in the non-dentate white lines. Inhabits the eastern States, described from New 
York. According to Blackmore also in British Columbia. 
S. aerata F. (= glaucaria Guen., mimicata Walk., rubivora Riley, albolineata Pack., gracilaria Pack., 
rubivoraria Pack.) (4 k). Face green. Lines not, or only very faintly denticulate, hence impossible to confuse 
with denticularia. A common species in eastern North America, variable in size. The early stages have been 
fully described by Dyar (“Psyche”, IX. 93). Head of larva rounded, somewhat bilobed. Body brownish or 
blackish grey, granulated with white; tubercles in part produced, these or the setae sticky, allowing the larva 
to cover itself protectively with fragments of the foodplant. On raspberry (Riley and Treat) and many low 
plants, especially the flowers and fruits; a succession of broods. — flavilineata Riley, said to be commoner than 
rubivora and with a similar larva but feeding on Gompositae, must I think be an aberration, or more probably 
founded on discoloured examples. “Somewhat larger, transverse lines broader, yellow or fulvous instead of 
white, and dividing the wings into three more nearly equal parts; outer lines running almost straight across 
the wings; inner on the forewing much arcuated towards base near the costa, on the hindwing subobsolete; a 
broad yellow costal and posterior border.” Boston is the only locality specified. 
S. dilucida Warr. and the two following species form a separate group of the genus, with rather more 
robust wings and almost straight lines. The anastomosis of the costal of the hindwing is variable, but generally 
only short, dilucida is the rarest of the three and scarcely differs from bistriata (4 k) except in the green face. 
Generally rather small. S. E. Brazil. 
S. bistriata Warr. (4 k). Face red, the lower extremity white or white-mixed. The course of the lines, 
which are generally rather slender, can be seen from our figure. Underside similar but rather paler. S. E. Brazil. 
S. apicata Warr. (5 f). Rather variable in size, often — at least in the $ — a good deal larger than 
bistriata. Face similar. Lines generally broader; postmedian more distally placed, on the forewing commencing 
quite near the apex, on the hindwing ending close to the anal angle; veins in distal area white. The red-brown 
apical dot, from which the species was named, is inconstant. S. E. and S. Brazil and Argentina. 
VIII 
delieatula. 
denticu¬ 
laria. 
albicosta¬ 
ria. 
'pallida. 
frondaria. 
avidaria. 
liquoraria. 
rubrifron¬ 
taria. 
aerata. 
flavili¬ 
neata. 
dilucida. 
bistriata. 
apicata. 
6 
