138 
SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 
canthema. 
vigensis. 
sideraria. 
chretieni. 
subfuscata. 
inductata. 
consecutaria. 
frigidaria. 
hieronyma. 
of the markings of the distal area, which recall those of some forms of limboundata Haw., a larger species with 
different leg-structure etc. Abdomen with dorsal dots. Described from Massachusetts, but distributed at least 
to North Carolina. 
S. canthema Schaus. “Expanse 22 mm. Wings pale buff, irrorated with black and grey scales; a cluster 
of black scales in the cell; inner and median lines very indistinct, except as costal blotches on the forewing: 
outer line dark grey, dentate; a subterminal line, parallel and similar to outer line; a terminal dark line inter¬ 
rupted by veins." Oaxaca, Mexico. I have seen the originals and noted as similar to grasuta but more yellowish, 
the type a Q, the allotype with 2 spurs on the hindtibia. 
S. vigensis sp. n. (= jamaicensis [part. ?] Schaus, nec Warr.) (16 b). Probably very similar to canthema, 
which I cannot compare side by side, but white, the cell-dots distinct, the distal area, at least of the forewing, 
with macular brownish patches before and behind each fold, the proximal pair adjoining the postmedian, the 
distal close to the termen, the sinuous subterminal broad, much as in hieronyma. (16 c), to which it approximates 
in shape (though the crenulations may be slightly stronger and more irregular), but from which it is readily 
distinguishable by the well-developed spurs of the <$ hindtibia, the much less outbent antemedian line, etc.; 
median costal spot not very broad; forewing beneath suffused and weakly marked. Antenna with the fascicles 
of cilia moderately long. Mexico: Las Vigas, May 1896, apparently distributed by Schaus as jamaicensis, 
which is generally smaller, has the wings rather less crenulate and weaker-marked and is a Lobocleta, there¬ 
fore quite different in venation and leg-structure. Type in the Tring Museum. 
B. Section Scopula Schranh. Hindtibia o f q without s p u r s. 
S. sideraria Ouen. (16 b). Similar to luteolata, though somewhat brighter; also similar in that the $ is 
generally smaller than the <$. But, as Guenee- definitely says, the <$ hindtibia is without spurs; tarsus as long 
as tibia. California (loc. typ.) to British Columbia. From the Kootenai district Dyar obtained ova and reared 
the larvae up to the hibernating stage (4th instar); head rounded, slightly bilobed, body slender, uniform, 
cylindrical, finely annulate, tubercles small, setae short, thick, brown; colour pale brown dorsally, subventral 
fold pale yellow, venter dark brown with a lighter central line; a narrow geminate blackish dotted line dorsally 
and subdorsal dark-brown spots. 
S. chretieni Barnes & Benj. (= bucephalaria Barnes cb Me I)., nom. praeocc.) (16 b). Very close to 
sideraria. but entirely lacking all trace of tbe ruddy terminal shading of that species and with the underside 
much paler oc-hreous (in sideraria brighter than upperside) and more heavily marked. California: the type 
series from Tuolumne Meadows. 
S. subfuscata Tayl. “Expanse 30 mm.” Said to differ from inductata in its “much redder tint”, the 
whole insect, except the front, which is a little darker, being of a “soft warm fawn-colour”. Victoria district 
(British Columbia) and Colorado. As there was for a long time a confusion (due to one of Hulst's many muddles) 
regarding the generic characters of inductata , the structural distinctions on which Taylor relied in erecting 
his species are invalid and I do not see why subf uscata should not be a larger, brightly coloured form of inductata. 
S. inductata Guen. (— anticaria Walk., suppressaria Walk., sobria Walk.) (16 b). Superficially reminiscent 
of virgulata Schiff. of the Palaearctic Region (Vol. 4, pi. 4 k) or, in the generally fine and relatively conspicuous 
postmedian line, of an overgrown rubiginata Hufn. (Vol. 4, pi. 4 h); hindtarsus of the $, as in them, about as 
long as the tibia. Colour variable, typically somewhat infuscated and with a slight or (occasionally) more decided 
tinge of fawn-colour. Underside strongly marked, the proximal part of the forewing strongly suffused. — ab. 
consecutaria Walk, is larger and paler, both above and beneath, with the median line strong, the postmedian 
well crenulate. — Very widely distributed in Canada and the eastern United States, June to September. Dyar 
bred the larvae as far as the 5th stage, from eggs laid by a much worn Washington $, the determination pretty 
certainly correct; the larva is described as slender, nearly cylindrical, the head rounded, scarcely bilobed, the 
tubercles in the adult larva minute, dark, the setae short, dark, slightly enlarged before the tip, the spiracles 
brown-rimmed; general coloration whitish, with brown shading, which forms a geminate dorsal line; some 
vinous-brown spots laterally, etc. Eggs laid 1 June reached the last instar on 1 July. 
S. frigidaria Moschl. ( = defixaria Walk., nom. praeocc., impauperata Walk., arcticaria Walk., okakaria 
Pack., spuraria Pack., ex err.) (18 e). Readily separable from inductata by the shape (forewing broader, with 
termen less oblique anteriorly, hindwing more rounded), the dense irroration and weaker markings, the sub¬ 
terminal almost obsolete. An essentially boreal species, see Vol. 4, p. 65, pi. 5 b; in Canada it has a very wide 
range, extending from Yukon to Labrador, known also from Newfoundland and I think Nova Scotia. 
S. hieronyma Prout (16 c). Closely like plantagenaria. possibly a subspecies of it. Generally larger; the 
wings relatively longer and narrower, with a yellowish or ochreous tinge, the markings sharper, the dark spots, 
especially the costal ones, enlarged. Arizona. 
