SPODOPTERA; LAPHYGMA. By Dr. M. Dbatjdt. 
25(3 
ornithogalli. P. ornithogalli Gn. (= lineatella Harv.) (37 d) is one of the most common and most noxious species 
with predominantly greyish-brown forewings, only in the discal area below the cell tinted yellowish-reddish, 
with a white-striped median and its branches, before the anterior transverse line irrorated with lead-colour; 
a bluish-white apical patch extends to the posterior transverse line, also above the anal angle there is a large 
bluish-white spot. The $ is cpiite brownish-grey without the yellow tint above the centre of the hind-margin, 
with more intensely white striped veins and reduced white at the apex and anal angle. United States to Costa 
Rica. — The larva is very similar to that of dolichos and lives on all kinds of cultivated plants. — In the form 
eudiopta. eudiopta Gn. (= flavimedia Harv., commelinae Riley) (37 d) the ochre-yellow colour is more prominent in 
the hindmarginal half of the median area. But there are all kinds of transitions, so that the form cannot be 
distinctly defined. 
praefica. P. praefica Grt. (37 c) is extraordinarily similar to the preceding, and it is not impossible that it 
represents this species on the Pacific coast in California, all the more since the genital differences are quite 
insignificant (the ,,clasper“ is about a quarter longer than in ornithogalli). The insect is of the same size and 
marking, but the colour is a duller less contrasting brown, the lilac white apical patch is very much feebler 
eudioptoi- and narrower. eudioptoides B. & McD. (37 e) is a form corresponding to the form eudiopta of the preceding 
des - species, with a more yellow hindmarginal half of the median area. 
marima. P. marima Sc-hs. (37 e) is smaller than the preceding species are, greyish brown without any yellow 
tints with an intensely white-striped median and its branches, the double transverse lines filled up with whitish; 
the bluish-white apical patch being present in all the other species is entirely absent here. Hindwing diaphanous 
purely white. Described from Brazil. 
70. Genus: &po<loptertt Gn. 
Extraordinarily near to the preceding genus and chiefly distinguished by the presence of a tuft also 
on the prothorax and of but one tuft on the first abdominal ring. To this chiefly oriental and African genus 
belong also two South American species. 
compta. S. compta Wkr. (37 e). Forewing ochre-yellowish, irrorated with red-brown and strewn with a darker 
brown, in the marginal area suffused with blackish-brown, with light veins; transverse lines rather indistinct, 
bordered with whitish, the maculae are quite extinct darker small punctiform spots; the undulate line is whitish, 
proximally bordered with a darker colour. Hindwing of a pure white, diaphanous. Peru. 
evanida. S. evanida Sch,s. (42 b). Forewing dull greyish-brown, in the basal area and postmedianly shaded 
darker; the irregular transverse lines are finely blackish-brown; in the lighter median area the yellowish ring- 
macula is feebly surrounded with brown, the reniform macula is at the cell-end hardly indicated, the fine light 
undulate line inwardly shaded by a darker colour. Hindwing white. Expanse of wings: 30 mm. Described 
from Cayenne. 
71. Genus: (Lapliygiiia Gn. 
Likewise very closely allied to the preceding genera and separated by the absence of the tuft on the pro- 
thorax, only a loose one on the metathorax and a tuft on the first abdominal ring. All the rest is quite the same. 
frugiperda. L. frugiperda Abb. <£? Srn. ( macra Gn., inepta Wkr., signifera Wkr ., plagiata Wkr., autumnalis 
Riley, flavimaculata Drc.) (37 e) is a universally distributed vermin from Canada to Paraguay and Argentina, 
with ochre-whitish forewings strewn with reddish-brown, with a somewhat lighter proximal area, with a black 
basal area and indistinctly double transverse lines, and whitish maculae being finely surrounded with black. 
At the lower cell-end the veins are finely marked with white; the apex is parted by a faded whitish patch. 
Hindwing diaphanous white, at the apex brownish. The $ is considerably darker blackish-brown, in the costal- 
julvosa. marginal portion irrorated with grey, the maculae more distinctly encircled with white. The form fulvosa 
obscura. Riley (37 e) is a more purple reddish form with an entirely faded apical patch. — obscura Riley (37 e) is a form 
being very much darkened also in the male sex. — The larva is brownish-grey, on the dorsum almost whitish, 
with a broad light lateral band suffused by reddish. It lives polyphagously also on all kinds of useful plants. 
exigua. L. exigua Hbn. (— flavimaculata Harv.) (37 f) has been dealt with at large in the palearctic part (cf. 
Vol. III. p. 207, pi. 48 a); it is marked as the preceding, of a somewhat lighter grey colour, well characterized 
by the yellowish-red ring-macula. Distributed from the United States to Mexico. -— The larva is reddish-brown 
with a light yellowish lateral stripe, and often does great harm to all kinds of plantations. 
nigri’srrns. L. nigresceils Dyar (37 f) is much smaller than the two preceding, with a loam-coloured grey, black- 
dusted forewing, in the basal area filled up quite black and also in the upper half of the median area; the maculae 
