286 
PAPAIPEMiL By Dr. M. Drattdt. 
cerina. 
appassio¬ 
nato,. 
stenoscelis. 
inquaesita. 
speciosissi- 
ma. 
mar gin i- 
dens. 
eryngii. 
nephrasyn- 
tlxeta. 
nepTielepte- 
na. 
120. Genus: Papaipema 8m. 
This genus, containing a very great number of species, is built exactly like the preceding genus, but 
it has a smooth frons; the collar has a slight ridge in the centre. It comprises beautiful insects of mostly more 
than medium size, the American ,,borers“, the life-history of which has been most perfectly cleared up by the 
unflagging researches of Mr. Henry Bird at Rye, being unparalleled in any other genus. He quite systematically 
investigated the process of life of the species mostly living in the interior of large herblike plants and published 
quite a number of fascinatingly written essays. Our own work he has besides supported by putting at our 
disposal a great number of important notices and a magnificent material for the plates, for which great kindness 
we herewith once more express our best thanks. 
P. cerina Grt. (40 k). Forewing of a bright yellow, before and behind the central area and in the 
marginal area, except the apex, irrorated with purple red-brown, with red-brown transverse lines, the posterior 
line being single and dentate, and with red-brown maculae; undulate line yellow. Hindwing pale yellow with 
a reddish tint. United States (Maine, Kansas). — The young larva is purple brown with white longitudinal 
lines disappearing in the adult larva which is then diaphanous yellowish. It lives in the stalk of Lilium superbum. 
P. appassionata Harv. (= horni Strd.) (40 k) is a smaller species, on the yellow ground irrorated with 
a bright red-brown, towards the margin purple red with a fiery red apical spot; the double transverse lines are 
filled up with yellow; all the 3 maculae are white, the coniform macula double, the reniform macula divided 
into spots by the red-brown veins; hindwing on the yellow ground irrorated with red-brown except the margin. 
Canada. -— The brown, white-striped larva lives in Sarracenia. The type of horni was taken in the Botanical 
Gardens of Marburg, where the larva had probably been imported with the root-stock of the foodplant. 
P. stenoscelis Dyar (41 b) is somewhat like the following, but smaller; forewing ochreous red-brown, 
with a purple tinge except the lower and distal half of the median area, with slightly curved double transverse 
lines and purely white, streak-shaped maculae. Hindwing ochreous-brownish. — Larva dull pinkish-red, 
transparent, with black tubercles, living on the fern Woodwardia virginica in the root-stock, which it leaves 
for the sake of pupation. 
P. inquaesita Grt. (41 a) is allied to stenoscelis, but easily discernible by the strong, pointedly broken 
median line and the likewise angular double posterior transverse line; the colour is a brighter yellowish red, 
with yellow maculae. Eastern and Central States. — Larva dingy white with a light brown head, a neck-shield 
and anal shield; it lives beside the preceding larva on the fern Onoclea sensibilis. 
P. speciosissima G. & R. (41 a) is likewise somewhat similar to stenoscelis, but much larger and of 
a bright yellowish red, with markings similar to those of inquisita, and likewise pointedly broken median and 
posterior transverse lines; maculae narrow and white. Hindwing light yellowish-red. — Larva diaphanous 
reddish with a brown head, neck-shield and anal shield; it also lives on ferns: Osmunda regalis. 
P. marginidens Gn. (= birdi Dyar ) (41 a). Forewing red-brown, towards the hind-margin somewhat 
more yellow, before and behind the median area irrorated with purple grey, with double transverse lines; the 
maculae and some spots in the basal area are white; the brown undulate line proceeds from a yellow apical 
spot. Hindwing on the yellowish-white ground irrorated with purple red. Northern, Eastern, and Central 
States. -—- The dingy white larva with large brown tubercles and shields lives in hemlock (Cicuta maculata) 
and in species of Sium. 
P. eryngii Bird (41 a) is more similar to the following species than to marginidens\ forewing purple 
brown, in the central area chestnut-coloured, towards the hind-margin strewn with yellow, with rather indistinct 
darker transverse lines; the large maculae are white, the coniform macula as usual bipartite, the reniform macula 
divided into 7 single spots with a yellow central line, at the base there are some yellowish-white or purely 
white spots. Hindwing dull yellowish-red, with a greyish-brown tint. — The larva lives in the stalk and root- 
stock of Eryngium aquaticum; as in all the species the egg hibernates, the young larva creeps out in June, the 
imago developing from the end of September till the middle of October; larva light purple brownish, on the 
ventrum with a salmon-coloured tinge. From the prairies near Chicago. 
P. nephrasyntheta Dyar (41 b) is one of the very largest species, marked very much like eryngii though 
much lighter, more loam-coloured yellowish-grey, the central line in the large reniform macula is white, not 
yellow as otherwise usual. Hindwing reddish-white. Apparently only 2 §? are known so far. Maryland. 
P. nepheleptena Dyar (= moeseri Bird) (41 b). Forewing shorter and broader than usual, of a deep 
violettish brown, in the central area strewn with red, towards the hind-margin with yellow, before it, behind 
it and at the distal margin with a purple tint and a silky gloss, the basal spots small, yellow, the maculae as 
usual white, the reniform macula with a yellow central line; undulate line indicated by orange scales. Hindwing 
violettish-grey. ■—- The adult larva is diaphanous whitish with brownish transverse belts on the rings 4 to 7, 
it lives in the stalk of Chelone glabra which it leaves for the pupation. Buffalo, New York. 
