PAPAIPEMA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
287 
P. furcata Sm. (41 b) is much smaller and still much lighter than nepheleptena, light yellow, irrorated jurcata. 
with red-brown in a variable extent, the basal spots and maculae white as usual, the reniform macula with a 
yellow central streak. Hindwing quite light yellowish-white. New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Washing¬ 
ton, Illinois. -— Adult larva diaphanous whitish, tubercles and anal shield black, head yellowish-brown. It 
lives in the ends of the twigs of ash-trees (Fraxinus nigra, americana, pennsylvanica) and leaves the twig to go 
into the earth for pupation. 
P. circumlucens Sm. (= baptisiae Bird) (41 b). Forewing yellowish-red, in the basal, costal-marginal circumlu- 
and distal-marginal areas irrorated with brown, with the usual double transverse lines, the anterior line at 
the costal margin filled up with white; basal spots and maculae white, smaller than in the other species, 
particularly the reniform macula. Hindwing yellowish-red, on the veins and margin irrorated with purple 
red. Massachusetts, New York. •— Larva diaphanous dull pink with yellowish longitudinal lines, boring into 
the stalk and root-stock of Apocynum androsaemifolium, but it also goes on Mesadenia tuberosa, Vernonia 
fasciculata, and Baptisia inctoria. 
P. humuli Bird (41 c) is extremely similar to marginidens, but the maculae are smaller, the basal humuli. 
area never white; ground-colour brick-reddish brown, without any contrasts, excepting the white maculae, 
only the postmedian area with a purple tint. Expanse of wings: 37 to 38 mm. Eastern States, South-Eastern 
Canada. •— Larva diaphanous purple brownish with a lighter dorsal line and large brown neck- and anal shields. 
It lives in the stems of hops, where it forms galls. 
P. rutila Gn. (41 c) is a doubtful species hitherto not certainly identified. Forewing brown, in the rutila. 
centre of the hindmarginal area extensively irrorated with yellowish-red, basal spots yellowish, maculae white 
as usual, reniform macula marked with yellow in the centre; the yellowish undulate line is proximally shaded 
with brown, distally faded. Hindwing light brown. New York, Illinois. 
P. arctivorens H?nps. (41 c) has yellow forewings strewn with a bright red-brown, in the postmedian arctivorcns. 
area tinged with purple, with dark-striped veins, basal spots yellow, maculae white, the reniform macula composed 
of a yellow line being in the centre marked with red-brown, inside with a white spot and a dot below it, behind 
the lower end with 2 white dots; the yellowish-white hindwing shows a reddish-brown tint. Canada. — The 
larva creeps out of the hibernated egg at the end of May and lives in the stalk of Arctium, Cirsium, and Dipsacus- 
species. It is diaphanous whitish with a yellowish-brown head and shields, and blackish-brown tubercles. 
P. odiroptena Dyar (41 c) is the most similar to rutila , but quite light yellow, with somewhat broader ochroptcna. 
wings, indistinct transverse lines, small white maculae, also the centre of the reniform macula being white; 
the undulate line is proximally shaded with brownish. Hindwing almost white. Colorado. 
P. insulidens Bird (41 d) is on its yellow ground suffused with a bright red-brown excepting the central insulidens. 
area which is only at the costal margin irrorated with purple just like the postmedian area; maculae yellowish; 
behind the dentate undulate line the marginal area is of a purer yellow. Hindwing yellowish, irrorated with a 
greyish brown. Canada (Vancouver) to California (Mt. Shasta). — Larva of the usual exterior and living in 
the stalk of Senecio hydrophilus. 
P. araliae Bird (41 c) has comparatively broad wings with the usual marking, the chrome-coloured araliae. 
ground darkened by purple-brown or red-brown irroration, maculae more or less scaled yellow, behind the 
purple subterminal area the undulate line is very strongly dentate, behind it the marginal area is of a purer 
yellow. Delaware, Pennsylvania, probably as far as Florida and Texas. — Larva dull pink with yellowish 
longitudinal lines and brownish belt-shaped darkening of the middle segments. It lives in the twigs of Aralia 
spinosa and goes into the earth for its pupation. 
P. nierricata Bird (41 d). Forewing yellow, thickly strewn with bright red-brown scales, in the merricata. 
marginal area darker red-brown, the maculae white as usual, the reniform macula is a yellow crescent surrounded 
with red-brown, proximally with 2, distally with 3 white spots, and in the centre of the exterior edge with a 
small yellow spot surrounded with red-brown; undulate line composed of small yellow lunae inside shaded 
with brown. Hindwing light yellow, veins and a subterminal band reddish-brown. Pennsylvania. -— Larva 
pink with yellow longitudinal lines; it lives in Podophyllum peltatum. 
P. angelica Sm. (41 d). Forewing light yellow, feebly irrorated with red-brown, more densely in the angelica. 
postmedian area, the double transverse lines are not very distinct, the maculae not lighter than the ground, 
surrounded by a darker shade. Hindwing light yellow with a brownish antemarginal line. Described from 
California. 
P. harrisi Grt. (41 d) is on the yellow forewing very uniformly irrorated with red-brown, only in the harrisi. 
posterior half of the central area somewhat more yellow and behind it deeper red-brown with purely white 
maculae, in the reniform macula the usual yellow streak; the undulate line consists of small yellow spots. Hind¬ 
wing yellowish-brown. Maine, Massachusetts, New York. -— ab. mulieris Strd. (= ab. 1 Hmps.) is a $ form mulieris. 
without white maculae, and more uniformly red-brown than the otherwise more yellow •— ab. rubiginosa rubiginosa. 
Bird is of a dull yellow ground-colour with smoky brown irroration, only the hind-margin remaining yellow, 
before and behind the central area purple brown, the maculae in all intermediate shades between pure white 
