ENGELMANN—OAKS 
THE UNITED STATES. [383 
specimens seen by me are sess ile, the bright brown scales of the cup only 
fri ig -h t ly thickened at base./ &t££, ^ 
8. «^. reticulata , H. B. K., has been found in Southern Arizona by Dr. 
Rothrock, in the expedition just mentioned. 
9. «^. virens, Ait. A shrubby form is var. maritima , Chapm , JjP. mari- 
tima, Willd., from which var. dentata, Chapm., cannot be separated ; both 
have shorter and often larger acorns on shorter peduncles than the spe¬ 
cies ; the former is the larger shrub, rarely as much as 10 feet high, with 
usually entire lanceolate leaves ; the latter often bears fruit when only i-i^ 
feet high; leaves sometimes dentate or sinuate-dentate, 1-2 inches long; 
vigorous ground shoots occasionally produce broad oval, entire, or dentate 
leaves, 3-4 inches long and 1^-2^ wide. 
10. «^>. chrysolepis, Liebm., has so often been spoken of in the foregoing 
pages that little need be added. Its fructification was misunderstood until 
the abundant material, brought together by Prof. W. H. Brewer for the 
California State Survey, permitted me to clear it up. The size of the plant, 
of the leaves, and of the fruit, is extremely variable; and even the yellow 
pubescence, which has given it its name, is neither persistent, nor is it 
present in all cases. Young vigorous shoots or young trees have spiny- 
dentate leaves ; older trees, especially on fertile branches, usually entire 
ones. The acorns are sometimes very large and the shallow cup extremely 
thick: this is the form Torrey (Pacif. R.R. Rep. v. 3 6q, tab. 9) has de-‘ 
scribed as «^>. crassipocula ; Dr. Parry sends from San Bernardino still 
larger cups, if inches in the outer diameter. Dr. Kellogg’s fulcesr.ens, 
in Proc. Calif. Ac. 1, 67 & 71, seems (from specimens seen in Hb. Brewer)* 
to refer to the form with middle-sized acorns and cups of the ordinary 
shape, without that unusual thickening; his «^>. vacciniifolia , ib. 1, 96 
; (106 ed. 2) is a small-leaved mountain form. Of this variety specimens 
are found entirely destitute of the yellow, scurfy pubescence even in the 
earliest youth. The anthers of this species, usually 10 in number, are 
always strongly pointed ; the broad stigmas are closely sessile. The late¬ 
ral position of the ovules has been mentioned. 
11. «^>. agrifolia, Nee, the first western oak that became known (1802), 
is quoted by the author as inhabiting “ Nootka Sound ” and California 
perhaps by mistake, as now it does not seem to be known much north 
of the Bay of San Francisco, and it extends as far south as the southern 
boundary of the State, but does not ascend the mountains. It is a fine 
large almost evergreen tree, but makes miserable timber and even poor 
firewood. The old leaves partially fall off iri winter, so that the heads be¬ 
gin to look less dense towards spring; in.some trees the last leaves have 
fallen before the young ones are developed, but generally they do not come 
off entirely before the young verdure covers the branches. Dr. Bolander 
remarks that occasionally odd-looking trees are observed which in spring 
retain all their old leaves without bringing forth flowers or young shoots— 
a state of things which resembles the condition of «^>. chrysolepis , above 
alluded to; that species, however, performs the function of maturing its 
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