10 
CASTNIA. By Dr. E. Strand. 
in Espirito Santo (Brazil), differs in the strongly reduced white hand of the hindwing, which is only 2 to 4 mm. 
broad, separated into elongate spots, and does not reach the inner margin. One specimen 80 mm. in expanse 
(type), another only 58 mm., both Ed>- 
I. Forewing blackish with grey irregularly angulate transverse band and grey spot at.the inner angle. Hind wing black 
with two white or yellow and one (median) red row of spots sometimes resembling a band. 
; pallasia . C. pallasia Esch. (= brecourt Godt., ardalus Balm.) (4 c). According to my researches the synonymy 
of this Brazilian species, usually called brecourti Latr., is as follows: The name pallasia has priority; it was 
published in 1821, while brecourt dates from 1824, the date 1819 on the title-page of the respective volume of 
the “Encyclop. method.” only being correct for the first 328 pages of the volume (cf. Sherborn and Wood¬ 
ward in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 and 1899). - — According to the description of brecourt this form is distin¬ 
guished from pallasia by the band on the upperside and the sublimbal spots on the forewing beneath being 
white instead of dark grey; the proximal white band on the hindwing is apparently not traversed by black veins 
in brecourt, the band being expressly described as “continue”, while the figure of pallasia distinctly bears such 
black veins. Unfortunately the description of brecourt, stated moreover to be taken from a unique specimen, 
is evidently not exact enough to enable us to find out from it differences, if any, between brecourt and true pallasia ; 
we must therefore place brecourt Godt. us a synonym of pallasia. On the other hand, brecourti Preiss is doubtless 
a form distinct from true pallasia (according to the description of brecourt), differing above all in the absence 
of the white band of spots on the hindwing. As this band is plainly described as present in “brecourt" , the latter 
umbratula. name cannot be used for Preiss’s form, which must be renamed: umbratula nom. nov. (4 c) with the synonym: 
brecourti Preiss nec Godt. —- The form figiired by Westwood in his monograph of Castnia, plate 30, fig. 2, is 
probably not specifically different from pallasia, as he also assumes; but this form differs so strongly from true 
pallasia in the very broad light band of the hindwing and in the likewise broad band on the forewing, which, 
lativittata. moreover, is not incised outwardly in its anterior half, that it deserves a name: iativittata form. nov. (4 b). — 
Specimens of both sexes of umbratula and true pallasia are before me; the difference therefore is not sexual. 
satrapes. C. satrapes K'oil. (4 b), from Brazil, differs from pallasia inter alia in the light marking of the forewing 
catharina. being interrupted in the middle; the var. catharina Preiss (4 b) differs in the median band of the hind¬ 
wing being light yellow instead of orange. The fact that red spots are not present in our figure of catharina, 
while they are marked in that of satrapes, is possibly due to a difference of sex: probably the $$ of both forms 
always bear these spots, while they are only occasionally present in the E<S- The cf-form resembling the $ 
rufimacu- in colour I name rufimaculata E-form, nov.] if the yellow band of the hindwing is not broken up by black 
aberrafis ve * ns we "A the form aberrans E-f orm ■ nov ■ The E<S, a t least of the variety catharina, are therefore dimorphic; 
whether dimorphism also obtains in true satrapes I can unfortunately not say, as I have only 2 $$ before me. 
— aberrans comes from Leopoldina; from Rio Grande do Sul I have both rufimaculata and true satrapes EE- 
The type of rufimaculata is 97 mm. in expanse. In both aberrations the longitudinal and transverse bands of 
the forewing are connected. 
' ?- • 
I. Forewing brown with very obsolescent light, irregular markings, sometimes very difficult to perceive; kind wing 
red with black transverse bands, in hegemon also with white or yellow central band. The of thais and marcelserres have 
dark kindwings with lighter markings only in the marginal area. 
ciela. C. ciela H.-Schaff. (4 d), from Brazil, probably rarely has the markings of the forewing as distinct as 
they are in our figure, the median area of the hindwing also is usually not so light, but slightly suffused with red. 
fabricii. C. fabricii Swains. (4e), also from Brazil, is characterised by the wedge-shaped submarginal spots 
of the hindwing, also by the simple band of the forewing and its discocellular spot, as well as by the dark red 
basal area of the hindwing. — Must be a very rare species. Typical locality “Diamond district of Brazil”. 
hegemon. C. hegemon Roll. (5 b), from Brazil, cannot be confused with any other species of this group, chiefly 
on account of the markings of the hindwing. 
marcelserres. C. marcelserres Godt. ( = thais Wkr., fabricii Godt.) (4e) is in the ^-sex a small inconspicuous insect 
(fig. cit.); the $ has light red hind wing marked with three bands of black spots and is larger (about 70 mm. in 
expanse). The EE vary much in size, the specimens before me measuring from 37 to 62 mm. in expanse. The 
pusillima. smallest d'-form may be distinguished as pusillima form. nov. — Brazil, Bolivia. 
thais. O. thais Dru. (— chrenus F., nicon Hbn., morphoides Wkr., thalaira Godt., jonesi Buchecker) (8 a) in the 
$ is very like C. marcelserres, but the forewing bears a broad, straight, almost parallel-sided dark band directed 
towards the distal margin and anal angle, Avhile the corresponding band in marcelserres is curved, irregular, 
in parts much narrowed, almost or entirely interrupted in the centre and directed towards the inner margin. 
A light median transverse band is present in the forewing of both species : in thais it- is broad, sharply marked, 
curved concavely proximally, in marcelserres narrow, only sharply marked on its outer side, straight, vertical 
