304 
APANTESIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
williamsi. 
determina¬ 
te. 
tooele. 
opliir. 
oithona. 
rectilinea. 
phyllira. 
dodgei. 
figurata. 
excelsa. 
celia. 
favorita. 
virgo. 
cilrinaria. 
parlhen ice. 
a flat, cone with a smooth base. The fully developed larva is above black with a red-brown dorsal stripe, with 
black tubercles on which there are black bristly hair; underside dark brown, speckled lighter. On Plantago, 
clover, Erodium and many other low plants. Except the last, more deviating form, all the ornata- forms come 
from the western coast of North America, where the species is local from British Colombia to California, but 
in some places not rare. In the collections we most frequently meet with achaia, then ornata, more rarely edwardsii 
and obliterata is not to be found even in large collections of North America. 
A. williamsi Dodge (38 m). Forewings similar to those of the other Apantesis, but the species is imme¬ 
diately recognizable by the dirty greyish-brown hindwings exhibiting only round the cell-end and before the 
proximal margin light cuneiform spots often tinged pink. — In determinata Neum. (= dieckii Neum.) (38 m) 
the forewing has besides a middle transverse band which is absent in typical williamsi. To the west of the Rocky 
Mountains, from British Colombia to the south as far as Nevada and Colorado, in some places common, though 
more in the mountains. 
A. tooele Bs. <fc McD. from Utah approximates williamsi, but it is larger, the hindwings more brilliantly 
coloured. Forewings deep brown with red-yellow veins and longitudinal bands. Of the transverse bands that 
near the base and the submedian one are absent, the middle and distal ones being present, the W large. In 
typical specimens the thorax is marked reddish-white, in the form ophir Bs. & McD. it is quite black. 
A. oithona Streck. (38 m). The forewing exhibits light bands at the costal margin, proximal margin 
and along the submedian, transverse bands in and behind the middle, which, however, do not cross the sub¬ 
median, as well as the reclining W in the marginal area. Hindwings rosy-red with black-spots. — In typical 
oithona, from the eastern parts of the United States, the light bands of the forewing are broad, in the form 
rectilinea French (38 m) they are narrower. The butterflies in May, to the south perhaps twice a year. 
A. phyllira Drury (= b-atra Gz., plantagina Mart.) (38 m) differs from the preceding species chiefly 
by the larger, wide-spread W of the marginal area of the forewing. The light patches are considerably narrower 
and thereby the dark spots of the ground-colour larger. The light transverse stripe in the middle of the forewing 
has also a different direction, extending from the costa to the submedian distally, in rectilinea proximally. The 
fringes of the wings are dark pink in phyllira, whilst in oithona they are mostly bright yellowish-white. — In 
dodgei Btlr. the middle band of the forewing is absent, the distal one being several times interrupted. — In 
figurata Drury ( = ceramica Hbn., F-pallida Streck.) (38 m) the middle band is mostly well developed, but the 
W in the marginal area is absent (particularly often in the $$), or only a V is faintly seen. — In excelsa 
Neum. (= lugubris Hulst) the light bands of the forewing are incomplete, the hindwings entirely or almost 
entirely black. — celia Sndrs. (= franconia H. Edw.), perhaps a distinct species, has more yellow than red 
hindwings. -— A very peculiar form is favorita Neum. (38 m) in which the light stripes of the forewings are 
expanded to broad, confluent spots; the black cell-end spot in the hindwing is absent. Various authors took 
either form to be a distinct species, but Rothke succeeded in breeding very differently coloured specimens 
from the very same eggs *). — The fully developed larva is black, with greyish-yellow tubercles on which there 
are tufts of light brown bristles. Across the dorsum extends a light (yellowish-brown or yellowish-grey) median 
streak interrupted on the segmental indentations. On Helianthus divaricatus, lettuce and many other low 
plants. — In the southern parts of the United States, e. g. Georgia, Virginia etc., not rare. 
A. virgo L. (38 1) is the largest, most beautiful and longest known species of the genus. Forewings 
black with yellowish-white, in the $ pink veins and margins, a whitish band across the cell-end, being bent 
at the median, and a large W-stripe in the marginal area. Hindwings in typical specimens of a bright red, in 
the (rare) form citrinaria Neum. yellow, with black spots surrounded by a lighter colour. The black cuneiform 
spot filling up the cell of the forewing may be undivided like in the figured specimen taken in the Catskill Moun¬ 
tains on August 1 5th; mostly, however, it is divided by another whitish band into a longer proximal spot and 
a rectangular distal spot. Among the numerous specimens before me there are hardly 2 alike, and the species 
could be just as variedly and uselessly denominated, as it was done in Arciia caia. — Larva dark brown with 
a. light-yellow marked head and whitish-grey dorsal tubercles bearing tufts of brown bristles; on Chenopodiaceae 
and many other low plants. Pupa slate-grey, the ankles and sutures black. The species occurs more to the 
north, being not rare in Canada, Maine, Massachusetts and the other north-eastern states, and being found in 
particularly great numbers in the Catskill Mountains (New York). Flying in July and August. 
A. parthenice Ky. (= saundersii Grt.) (38 1). Coloured almost like small wVgro-speeimens, but the 
white bands of the forewings narrower and scantier. On the red hindwings the black spots in the disc (parti¬ 
cularly the large one above the middle of the cell) are entirely absent except a small spot at the cell-end, or 
they are only indicated; mostly there are only some small spots at or near the margin. —■ Also in this 
species single bands of the forewing may be absent and the vein-stripes narrowed. There are here likewise 
numerous insignificant variations in the spotting (approximate Stretch, etc.). Canada and the Atlantic northern 
*) M. Rothke at Scranton lias evidenced the enormous variability of this butterfly (Iris 26, t. 1) by breeding 
the eggs of it. He yielded from the same breed imagines with only scantily red-spotted hindwings and also such, in which 
they did not exhibit any real black margins. •— Graef (Bull. Brookl. Soc. I, p. 3) had already before obtained similar 
results, from which he inferred Ap. saundersi, persephone and anna to belong together in an analogous way. 
