PARANERITA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
and Hyponerita (with an areola). Hampson, however, already in the supplement to his well-known Catalogue, 
has eliminated this rigour by bringing the undoubtedly allied genera together, and we may be in doubt whether 
these genera are not merely subgenera. We see here nothing else but the repetition of parallels of forms, as 
we have recognized in the groups of day-butterflies Hypoleria, Pseudoscada, Pteronymia, Leucothyris and still 
more conspicuously in Melinaea, Mechanitis and Ceratinia in Vol. V of the Macrolepidoptera (t. 31 to 40). The 
larvae of the genera Neritos, Para- and Hy-ponerita presumably also resemble in being densely covered with 
variegated brushes and at the anterior and posterior parts with long pencils. These larvae being sometimes 
quite curiously disfigured by their hairiness bring the group of these genera decidedly nearer to the Syntomidae, 
the strict separation of which from the Arctiids we have already several times denoted to be very difficult, 
if tenable at all. With respect to this we may mention that we have seen also in the Syntomidae certain types 
being again and again repeated in the most various genera, so that often only by means of examining the neuratiou 
it could be decided, whereto the specimens belonged, exactly like in the Ithomiinae, too. But also in the Synto¬ 
midae it has proved, particularly by recent breeding experiments, that the venation is bv no means decisive 
in all cases, and we may, therefore, expect that the examination of the veins also sometimes misleads us in 
the Arctiids of the Neritos-growp ; the more so since the differences of venation are frequently founded upon 
male specimens having in very many cases strongly developed secondary sexual marks, whereby the wings 
may sometimes be entirely disfigured and the venation disarranged. The separation of the following genera 
must, therefore, for the present be regarded more as a means for a generalization of the very multiform groups 
than for the expression of natural directions of the development. — The genus contains almost 40 forms known, 
all of which — except one — have been discovered during the two last decades. Except some few, somewhat 
deviating species, all the types are very much alike. Mostly a boundary-line extending obliquely from the 
costa towards the anal angle separates a purple-brown proximal part from a yellow apical half of the wing, 
which again surrounds an apical disc of a dark colour. Nearly all the species of the genus seem to be rare; 
they rest in day-time hidden on the under surface of leaves and come to the light in the evening. Of the 
genus Paranerita, the life-history of no species is known as yet, but the larvae are presumably similar to those 
of Neritos. From the latter the Paranerita are distinguished by the anastomosis between the 2nd subcostal 
vein with the footstalk of the 3rd to 5th, from Hyponerita by the areola being formed by the connection of 
the 2nd subcostal vein with the third. Type: P. polyxenus. 
P. maculata Rothsch. (451) is one of the smallest forms. Forewings greyish red-brown with 3 rows maculata. 
of silvery white guttiform spots forming angled chains near the base and before the middle, standing alternately, 
however, in the marginal area. Hindwings yellowish-pink with a blackish marginal band. From Fonte-Boa 
(Amazon). 
P. fenestrata Rothsch. (45 1). Likewise from the Amazon; it somewhat recalls Neonerita dorsipuncta fencslrutu. 
(45 h); but the hyaline window in the disc of the forewing is narrower and does not reach the border; the hind- 
wings quite light whitish-grey, also the abdomen yellowish-grey, not red. At the middle of the border of the 
forewing some minute light spots. 
P. rosacea Rothsch. (45 1) is only as large as maculata ; forewings, costal part of the hindwings, head rosacea. 
and thorax pale yellowish-brown: abdomen and hindwing carmine-pink. Venezuela and Amazon District. 
P. haemabasis Dgn. (45 1). Blackish-brown, head, thorax, bases of the wings and of abdomen light haemabasis. 
red. Forewings with a dull, violettish-blue reflection. The posterior legs of the $ are transformed into stout 
paws by woolly hair; the scent-organ on the forewing beneath is an extensible, thick, white pencil. From Muzo 
in Colombia; discovered by Fassl. 
P. alboapicalis Rothsch. (45 1). Head, thorax, and forewings except a white apical spot blackish-brown, alboapica- 
hindwings, except the black border, light pink, and the abdomen red, except the black apex. Surinam. lis - 
P. polyxenoides Rothsch. (45 1). Hindwings like in the preceding, but the blackish-brown forewing polyxenoi- 
has a yellow apical spot, a small yellow triangle in the middle of the costa and a still smaller one in the middle (? es. 
of the margin. Vertex yellow, the whole abdomen red. Guiana, Amazon and Peru. 
P. polyxenus Drc. (45 1) is quite similar, but the yellow triangle at the costa larger, that at the border polyxenus. 
smaller than in the preceding. Hindwings almost quite black, except the yellow basal part. Bolivia. 
P. grand is Rothsch. (46 a) is twice as large as the preceding with broad wings; hindwings large, so grandis. 
that the abdomen scarcely projects beyond the anal angle. Costal spot much larger than in polyxenus, at the 
border a series of small yellow spots, that in the middle of the margin being the largest. Hindwings light honey- 
coloured, head yellow, abdomen red. Colombia to Peru; the figured specimen from Medina in East Colombia. 
P. niobe Schs. (46 a) from Costa Rica is somewhat smaller and quite similarly marked and coloured, niobc. 
hut the apical spot of the forewing is connected with the small spots in the middle of the margin by yellow, 
and the hindwings are not yellow, but rosy-red. 
