Publ. 4. I. 1922. 
ZATREPH ES. By Hr. A. Seitz. 
under the Automolis, so that the line of separation of the two genera would perhaps be better drawn at some 
other place. The larvae have nothing to do with the Syntomid-like larvae of the typical Automolis-, they are 
scantily haired in uniform light tufts, of a quite normal and inconspicuous, genuine Arctiid larval shape. The 
Zntrephes themselves, according to Hampson’s new catalogue form a genus to be separated from the butterflies 
having formerly been denominated so and being now called Azatrephes ; they have, however (as is already 
seen from the larvae) nothing in common with the Syntomids to which the Zntrephes were formerly reckoned 
As an essential difference in the venation from the Automolis it is stated that in the hindwing the costal approaches 
the upper cell-wall, before the middle of the cell, and runs with it for some distance, in order to turn away 
again behind the middle of the cell. Thereby a small accessory cell is produced at the base; upon this peculiarity 
great stress is laid by some authors, but it is also found in other greatly specialized groups (Agaristids etc.) 
and it seems to have been of great moment in the separation of the Hypsidae from the Artciidae. — From the 
fact that almost all the Zntrephes have been discovered during the last years we may infer their infrequent occur¬ 
rence. They are not to be found in day-time, but taken by the lantern. 
A. Fore wii n g with a distinct projection or angle above the middle of the 
m argin. 
Z. gigantea Rothsch. (52 i) is very similar to the preceding species (. Automolis excavata). but the giyantea. 
forewing somewhat more obtusely angled, without the light marginal spots and with a large discal vitreous 
patch composed of several partly fused hyaline spots. Amazon (Fonte Boa). 
Z. foliacea Rothsch. (52 i) is much smaller, the hyaline spots almost the same as in gigantea , but foliacea. 
the ground-colour is sometimes lighter, sometimes darker reddish yellowish-grey, the two dark transverse 
lines of the forewing bordered with whitish. The tooth at the border of the forewing is somewhat sharper than 
in gigantea. From the Amazon. — In griseorufa Rothsch. (52 i), like the preceding from Fonte Boa on the Amazon, gtixeorufa. 
the vitreous patch on the forewing is somewhat larger, and the antemedian line runs somewhat curved and 
less obliquely. 
Z. bilineata Rothsch. (52 i) is presumably scarcely to be separated from foliacea-, the transverse hUincata. 
lines on the forewing run almost quite straight, the antemedian line without any curve; the vitreous spot of 
the forewing is narrower, distally irregularly defined; from the Amazon and Peru. — rufobrurmea Rothsch. (52 i) rutohrun- 
likewise from the Amazon, has a more ruddle-red than yellowish-grey ground-colour of the forewings and the 
two transverse lines diverge very feebly at the proximal margin. 
Z. trilineata Hmps. (52 1). Here the colouring is dull ochreous-yellow as in bilineata, slightly powdered trilineaia. 
with pink, but the forewing has a much smaller hyaline spot and 3 transverse lines instead of 2. Surinam and 
Amazon. — The form peruviana Rothsch. is more white and less yellow, and the pink dusting is very trifling, peruviana. 
From Peru. 
Z. cardytera Dgar. (52 1), from British Guiana, has only the proximal transverse line which, however, cardytera. 
is rather thick and not very distinct; the postmedian line is absent. The hyaline spot of the forewing is much 
larger than in the preceding. The hindwings pink, in contrast with the ochreous-yellow forewings. 
Z. flavida Hmps. (—■ albotestacea Rothsch.) (52 i). Forewing monotonously ochreous-yellow, without flavida. 
any transverse lines; the vitreous spot bipartite, rather small. Hindwing brimstone-coloured. French Guiana. 
Z. binotata Rothsch. (52 i). Similar to flavida, larger, darker, the two transverse lines faintly indicated, hhwlaia. 
the vitreous spot on the forewing confined to 3 hyaline dots. Amazon. 
Z. atrata Rothsch. (52 1). Recognizable by the deep dark brown ground-colour. The vitreous spot on airata. 
the forewing tripartite, the tooth at the border of the forcwing almost vanished, but the border in the middle 
somewhat indented. Demerara (Guiana). 
Z. miniata Rothsch. (52 k) is quite similar, larger, the ground-colour of the forewing deep purple- miniata. 
brown, the two transverse lines recognizable as faint shades. Amazon (Fonte Boa). 
Z. modesta Schs. (52 k) from Guiana is quite similarly coloured as miniata, but the forewing shows modesta. 
3 parallel, grey transverse lines, and the angle at the border is quite obtuse, scarcely perceptible. 
B. Margin of the f o r e w i n g w i t h o u t a d i s t i n c t too t li or angle a b o v e t h e m i d d 1 e. 
Z. propinqua Rothsch. (52 k). Colouring lighter ruddle-red than in miniata, the vitreous spot similarly propinqua. 
shaped, but much larger. Peru. 
Z. carmesina Rothsch. (52 k). Colouring as in propinqua, but the hyaline spot of the forewing only cavmesina. 
about half as large and its distal margin not so deeply indented. Amazon (Fonte Boa). 
VI 
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