COPAXA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
surface dark red-brown, strewn with black, the transverse lines broader than above and quite black, without 
any white; at the apex 2 red spots. 5 inches. South-Eastern Peru, Carabaya (7000 ft.). 
S. muellerana Dyar , of which only a photo is before me, is undoubtedly also a Saturniodes though it muellerana. 
was described as an Agapema. Antennae light yellow. Wings shaped as in medea. Of a soft greyish-brown 
colour, the antemedian line in both wings blackish, faded and broad, subterminal line double, undulate, the 
interior portion black and more distinct, the exterior one broader and distally strewn with white; at the apex 
a flesh-coloured spot enclosing an inwardly black, outwardly red spot; ocellus black with a straight white 
central line, with brown, red, and black rings, proximad between the red and black with a narrow white demi- 
ring. Hindwing in the costal-marginal area light yellowish, without an apical spot, ocellus similar as on forewing. 
Expanse of wings: 97 mm. Mexico City, only 3 specimens known hitherto. — heringi j.n. (104b) probably heringi- 
belongs to it, but it has a quite sooty black ground-colour, the marking is otherwise the same except the transverse 
lines being more distinct, those on the hindwing much deeper and roundly sinuate, in muellerana inwardly 
forming acute angles on the veins, the costal-marginal portion here considerably broader light, almost greenish 
yellowish-white, extending to the eyespot; the shape of the wings appears to be somewhat higher and more 
slender. According to 1 $ from Panama. Type in the Berlin Museum. 
S. copaxoides Dyar (104 b), likewise described as Agapema, also belongs hereto, a smaller species with copaxoides. 
blackish-brown wings, a reddish-white collar and costal margin of the forewing, marked as the preceding ones; 
antemedian line especially on forewing feeble, the little eyespot rosy-red, in a black ring with a white-hyaline 
central streak, of a somewhat oval shape; subterminal line only indistinctly double, on the hindwing more 
distinct. Marginal area behind it lighter, at the apex a white spot centred black and red. Western Mexico 
(Guerrero; Colima). 
S. semioculata Fldr. (104 a), in my opinion, belongs quite near to copaxoides and cannot be a Sagana. Only semiocula- 
known to me from Felder’s figure according to 1 $. Marking almost the same as in copaxoides, only the ground¬ 
colour somewhat more yellowish; eyespots oval, especially that on forewing very narrow. Stated from Venezuela. 
3. Genus : €opaxa Wkr. 
A large group of imposing, often sexually dimorphous species mostly with hyaline spots on the wings, 
the apex of the forewing being usually falcately pointed or rounded produced. Palpi very short, drooping. 
Fore wing with a somewhat rounded cellular apex, 6 proceeds a little before the upper angle, 7 and 8 stalked 
from the centre of the anterior edge of the cell, 9 and 10 absent. Hindwing the same, 5 from the upper angle, 
6 a little before it, 7 from the centre of the anterior edge of the cell, terminating far below the apex into the 
distal margin. Abdomen mostly short and relatively slim. The species often have a most variable colouring. 
There is still little known of the biology. 
Type: C. decrescens Wkr. 
cens. 
rufinans. 
C. decrescens Wkr. (130 a). Light greyish-brown with an olive tint or also more reddish-brown, decrescens. 
especially in the cell, or with a light pink tint particularly behind the distal oblique line which runs straight 
from below the apex to tho centre of the inner margin; the interior transverse line below the cell sharply 
broken inward; hyaline spot small, triangular, surrounded by yellow, in the $ larger. Hindwing with a 
straight, distally light-edged antemedian line, a feeble median shadow behind the small hyaline spot and an 
undulate-dentate postmedian line with sagittary thickenings on the veins; the space behind it feebly darkened 
in the shape of a band. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia to Brazil, a common species. — olivina /. n. I call a olivina. 
very light olive greenish form with a lilac silvery grey brightening in the marginal area. purpurascens /. n. purpuras- 
(105 a) is a dark purple brown form dusted with lilac, with a whitish lilac pink brightening in the marginal 
area. — rufinans Schs. (105 b) are bright red-brown forms with a rusty yellow brightening in the cell and 
above it, whilst the surroundings of the apex of the cell is darkened greyish-brown as far as the oblique line. 
The last 3 forms with all their transitions from Mexico. The seem to occur chiefly in the form purpuras¬ 
cens, at least I have seen no others among the great number of specimens before me. — troetschi Drc. troetschi. 
(= marona Schs.) comprises light reddish fawn forms, the transverse lines distally dusted with lilac pink, the 
cell and median shadow more rusty yellowish or reddish. The apex of the forewing is figured excessively long in 
the Biologia, but in fact it is longer than in Mexican specimens. The type from the Berlin Museum is lying 
before me. Panama to French Guiana. niepelti /. n. I call a very variegated form from Western Colombia niepelti. 
(Bellavista), type in the Coll. Niepelt; ground-colour warm brownish olive, the cell before the antemedian 
line bright fox-coloured, behind it more feebly dusted so, the postmedian line on both wings outside bordered 
with light lilac pink, the hyaline spot, especially that on the hindwing, in a very broad and bright orange ring. 
C. sophronia Schs. may be a form of decrescens', dark olive brown, collar and basal half of costal margin sophronia. 
strewn with white, the small hyaline spots at first orange, distally finely surrounded with black, transverse lines 
darker, median and postmedian areas between 2 and 7, excepting the upper half of the cell, shaded darker; 
from the costal margin to vein 6 a darker postmedian shadow behind which the apical area is lighter; the fine 
postmedian interior notched line from the costal margin to the centre of the inner margin distinct, behind it 
