LOXOLOMIA; CITHERONIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
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spot between 3 and 4 is obtuser, quadrangular, and near the anal angle there is another larger brownish-black 
triangle finely edged with white and bordered by two small ones. Hindwing basally not darker, without the 
postmedian line, and the antemarginal brown band is considerably broader. 
C„ virgo Zikan ( = biedermanni Kotzsch) which was only recently described is about intermediary virgo. 
between jehovah and sonthonnaxi, much neater and smaller than semiramis, the forewings shorter and less 
extended, olive brown as in sonthonnaxi, the lighter parts with a delicate pink hue; the dark olive brown 
postcliscal band is narrower than in semiramis, the distal band bordering on it contrastingly black; the very 
large hyaline spot, like a reverse y, is situate in a large reniform dark brown macula which is distinctly 
surrounded by black; the arch of the postdiscal band is flatter and more regular, the dark marginal area much 
narrower; the subterminal hyaline spots are larger and more coherent than in sonthonnaxi. Tails of hindwings 
as in semiramis but shorter. Expanse of wings: 90 -100 mm, the hindwing from the base to the apex of the 
tail 97 -116 mm. From Argentina, Paraguay, and Campo Bello (Rio de Janeiro). 
C. sonthonnaxi Andre (130 a, d) is very similar, smaller and stouter, with much broader and shorter tails; sonthon- 
more intensely marked dark blackish-brown, the postmedian line not notched below the costal margin, the 
hyaline spots behind it only distinct in the $. South Brazil, apparently a more common species. 
C. derceto M. d W. (130 c) is the most bizarre of the species, yellowish-white, marked not unlike the derceto. 
preceding ones, apex of forewing much more produced, the discal hyaline spot distally extended into a very 
long point. Hindwing much narrower, with much broader tails, discal spots tricuspid. From Brazil. 
10. Genus: Xjoxolomia M. d W. 
Only one rather isolated species peculiarly marked and structurally very closely allied to Arsenura. 
Palpi rather well developed, projecting a little beyond the frons; proboscis represented by a stunted thread. 
Antennae serrate with ciliary bristles. Wings rather elongated, costal margin slightly concave, with a convexity 
before the apex, distal margin slightly undulated. Hindwing with a produced apex, concave below it, with a 
broad lobe between 2 and 4. Upper half of discocellular of forewing straight, oblique, angled in the lower half, 
3 shortly before the lower angle, 4 from this angle, 5 from the centre of the cross-vein, 6 from the upper angle, 
7 and 8 stalked likewise from it; cell of hindwing exceedingly short, 2, 3 and 4 on a stalk from the lower 
angle, 5 from the angle of the discocellular which is shaped as on the forewing, 6 from the upper angle, 7 close 
before it. Nothing is known of its life. 
L. serpentina M. d W. (128 c) is white; excepting the broad costal margin, a triangular spot edged with serpentina. 
blackish-brown at the inner margin, and the disc of the hindwing it is dusted with olive brown in a variable 
intensity and transversely striated in a darker colour, with a double strongly undulated blackish-brown sub¬ 
marginal line; the large roundish apical area partly of a lilac brownish colour contains 3 red-brown longitudinal 
stripes edged with yellowish-white. Hindwing coloured like the forewing with a purer white median band edged 
with blackish-brown dentate lines on both sides. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro in January), a rare species. 
2. Subordinate group: Syssphinginae. 
Chiefly separated from the preceding genera by the more slender and pointed shape of the wings and 
the stronger abdomen, without any notches, angles and tails excepting the only Syssphinx molina which 
exhibits a slight angle on the fore wing. Palpi mostly much feebler; the last third of the antenna is bare or 
feebly serrate and ciliated, the 2 basal thirds are pectinated, mostly also in the proboscis mostly rather 
distinctly present, though feebly developed. Posterior tibiae more or less spurred. Biologically, as far as is 
known, exactly like the species of the preceding subordinate group, the larvae with thorns and horns on the 
first and last rings which are often shed after the last moults. Pupation without a cocoon in the earth. 
1. Genus: Citlieronfa Hbn. 
This genus contains more than 2 dozens of described forms many of which are still doubtfully ranged. 
They are large, beautiful species mostly very sexually dimorphous, of a strong structure. The <$$ mostly with 
longer, narrower wings, the $$ partly extraordinarily large, with broader wings. The short palpi do not 
project, the short last joint is almost globular; the proboscis is merely a short thread. The A antennae, as far 
as % or 3 /4 of their length, exhibit double short pinnae uniformly decreasing in length towards the ends and set 
with ciliary tufts. Tibiae with short terminal spurs. On the forewdng vein 2 arises from the centre of the lower 
cell-margin, 3 a little before the lower cell-angle from which 4 proceeds; vein 5 arises shortly before the upper 
