regalis. 
infernalis. 
saengeri. 
azteca. 
splendens. 
hamifera. 
fuscalis. 
mogya. 
brissoti. 
catharinae. 
argentina. 
mexicana. 
aroa. 
bellavista. 
800 CITHERONIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
cell-angle; the cross-vein is very strong in its short upper portion, very feeble in its long lower one and slightly 
angular shortly before the lower end. Vein 6 proceeds only a little behind the cell, 10 shortly before the upper 
cell-angle. On the hindwing 3 and 4 arise from the lower cell-angle, 5, 6 and 7 close together from the upper 
cell-angle. The abdomen in both sexes projects beyond the hindwing. The very strange larvae with their long 
horns, called “horn-devils” by the Americans, pupate without a cocoon in the earth, like the palaearctic 
Brahmaeidae. 
Type: C. regalis F. 
C. regalis F. (= regia A.db 8m.) (131 a) is one of the largest species, brownish-grey above, with red- 
brown veins and characteristical yellow spots. Hindwing without a distinct cliscal macula. The larva, the 
well-known “hickory-devil”, is green with large oblique white lateral spots edged with black above; ring- 
indentations of the thoracal rings above black; head and thoracal feet yellowish-red like the spines the tips 
of which are black. It lives on many kinds of nut-trees and fruit-trees, also on Sumac. infernalis StJcr. has 
slate-coloured forewings with brick-red veins, a large subapical spot and a smaller one in the centre of the distal 
margin; body brick-red. Maryland and North Carolina. — ab. saengeri Neum. has purple grey forewings with 
yellow veins and particularly large basal and discal spots and a bright sulphur-coloured apical portion of the 
costal and inner margins. Hindwing sulphur-coloured, with a basal orange tint, and traces of purple grey spots 
at the anal angle. New York. Widely distributed in the Atlantic States of North America. 
C. azteca Schs. (131 a, b) is very similar, of a darker grey ground-colour, the spots more whitish yellow, 
the hindwing with a postmedian band of a most variable extent, mostly reaching to the marginal area in the $, 
always with a distinct red-brown central spot. This species represents regalis in Mexico, where it is very common. 
C. splendens Drc. (132 a), likewise from Mexico, is easily distinguished by the expansion of creamy- 
white colour in and behind the cell-end at the costal margin. Hindwing extensively darkened towards the 
margin. Larva black, head, sublateral oblique stripes, and the base of the relatively short thoracal horns, reddish, 
the other thorns black. 
C. hamifera Rothsch. is near to azteca and brissoti and may be considered as the representative of the 
latter species outside Brazil, but the genital organ is very different, the <$ harpes are very large, almost 
semicircular. Veins of forewing only feebly reddish; hindwing above always with a reddish-brown submarginal 
band; the discal line feeble or extinct beneath, costal margin more or less reddish-brown or brownish-black. 
2 forms have been described: hamifera Rothsch ., from British Guiana and Trinidad, shows the ground-colour 
of the forewing reddish-brown in the <$, more blackish-brown in the $; the yellow band of the hindwing is only 
indicated, at least narrower than the reddish-brown marginal band; hindwings sometimes quite red-brown. 
fuscalis Rothsch. has blackish-brown forewings also in the <§, and the yellow submarginal band of the hindwing 
above is broader than the red-brown marginal band. From South-Eastern Peru, 2000 ft. 
C. mogya Schs. (135 a) resembles fuscalis in general, but the wings are longer and narrower, and the 
colour of the forewing is a darker steel-grey; the postmedian row of spots straightly extends in an oblique line 
to the centre of the inner margin. Sao Paulo. 
C. brissoti Bsdv. (133 a), a Brazilian species, with somewhat broader wings, otherwise very much like 
the preceding ones. It differs in the more extensively yellow tegulae being only edged with red-brown, sharply 
outlined small discal spots in a yellow ground and larger apical spots which are more produced apically; 
hindwing often with a very distinct central spot. The species is variable; typically from Parana, the Petropolis 
form shows the hindwings almost entirely dusted with red-brown. A strikingly different form with lighter grey 
forewings and quite light yellow hindwings, with separated red discal and inner-marginal spots, a broad 
postmedian and narrower marginal band is before me from Sa. Catharina: - catharinae /. nov. (135 a); type 
in the Berlin Museum (A, $). argentina f. n. I call the form from Buenos Ayres; it is much lighter dust-grey, 
all the spots yellowish-white, the postmedian ones not edged with red-brown distally, as in the Brazilians, but 
with greyish-1>lack: hindwing with a large red-brown, triangular discal spot ending in a grey spot at the anal 
angle; costal-marginal area and distal margin extensively purely light yellow. Type in the Berlin Museum. 
The larva is greyish-green, strewn with black dots, the small thorns and fleshy cones are orange, the latter with 
black, knob-shaped ends, from the 4th ring with a lateral stripe. It lives on Excoecaria biglandulosa, an 
Euphorbiacea. 
C. mexicana G. & R. (132 a) is likewise similar, with Pompeyan red veins, yellow spots mostly strewn 
with red-brown except those between the veins 2 and 4, which remain purer yellow like the basal spots; thorax 
quite rusty brown, with hardly any yellow. Distributed in Mexico, also reported from Arizona. aroa Schs. 
is probably the Venezuelan form; forewing lighter, mouse-coloured, all the spots orange, the submarginal 
undulate line broader. bellavista /. n. (135 a) is a wonderful West-Colombian foz’m, thorax lighter, rusty 
yellow, the spots on the fore wing larger and very distinctly outlined; hindwing dark yellow with a red-brown 
