818 
CERC’OPHANIDAE; CERCOPHANA. By Dr. M. Dratxdt. 
malecena. 
prona. 
major. 
syssau- 
roides. 
elegans. 
divisa. 
frauenfeldi. 
venusta. 
vulpes. 
H. malecena Drc. (122 b). Upper surface loamy brownish or reddish-brown, the $ greyer with a brown 
oblique line from the apex of the forewing to the proximal third of the inner margin of the hindwing, behind 
which a crescentiform line follows, divergent towards the inner margin; darker spots are often before the 
margin, black dots on the hindwing. Two races; in the nomenclatural form from Panama the oblique line is 
fine, the lobes of the anal tergit bent towards each other apicad. — In prona Jord. the oblique line is much 
thicker, the lobes of the anal tergit very feebly bent. Trinidad and British Guiana. 
H. major Jord. is larger than the preceding species, more brownish wood-coloured above, the oblique 
line bordered with greenish-yellow inwards. Lobes of the anal tergit more obtuse, broader basad, narrower 
apicad. The $ is more yellowish ochreous, with a red-brown tint. Peru. 
H. syssauroides Fldr. Only the bad type without its antennae and abdomen is known. Dark red-brown 
above with yellowish ochreous submarginal clouds; oblique line dark brown, narrowly bordered with grey 
outside, and removed farther to the margin than in the preceding forms, terminating behind the centre of the 
inner margin of the forewing and in the centre of the inner margin of the hindwing. Brazil. 
H. elegans Jord., described after 1 from Peru, is shaded with yellowish red-brown above, with a dark 
red-brown oblique line and a large round deep brown spot at the lower cell-angle; basal area and large oval 
subterminal spots remain yellowish-white. Length of forewing; 39 mm. 
H. divisa Jord. Forewing dark red-brown as far as the oblique line, distally to it reddish-yellow, dusted 
with reddish cinnamon colour; the line itself cinnamon red, outside a fine grey line and distally to it a dull dark 
brown one; lighter roundish submarginal spots rather inconspicuous, proximally defined by crescents which are 
nearer to the oblique line than in the other species. Length of forewing; 34 mm. Bolivia. 
Subfamily: Cercophanidae J ord. 
As in the preceding branch of the large Saturnioid family, which has evidently split off already at very 
early epochs and has further developed separately, this subfamily has retained an ancient characteristic 
separating these insects from the Saturniid type: the costal of the hindwing is connected with the cell by an 
oblique bar as in the Eupterotidae and Bombycidae. The family is divided into 2 subordinate groups: 
A. Cercophaninae Jord. 
Proboscis absent, last joint of palpus distinct, frons long-haired, antennae long-combed in both sexes. 
The very peculiar larvae are only known of two species; the 3 first rings are increasingly thickened, the strongest 
4th ring is extended into a sharp point turned anteriorly and projecting hood-like, into which the light lateral 
streak terminates, which, on the opposite side, terminates into an equally sharp anal point. The few species 
of this subordinate group are confined to the southernmost extremity of South America. Chile. 
1. Genus; Cere<t»i>8ftaiia Fldr. 
This genus and the following one are closely allied. The proximal antennal segments beneath not 
carinated, last palpal, joint somewhat shorter than in the following genus; antennae of $ much longer pectinated 
than in the Only two species, one being most variable. 
Type: frauenfeldi Fldr. 
C. frauenfeldi Fldr. (122 c). Eorewing yellowish greyish-brown, with a red-brown tint towards the 
margin, 3 dentate transverse lines, the antemedian line projecting quadrangularly below the cell, a dark spot 
behind it in the lower cell-angle, though it may also be absent; the subterminal line forms high arches, the ends 
of which are punctiformly thickened inwards on the veins. Hindwings tailed. The scantily scaled $ shows a 
creamy yellowish ground-colour, with very faint brownish lines, the postmedian line scarcely dentate; hindwing 
almost entirely rounded. Larva of the shape described above, green, the lateral stripe yellowish, roundish pink 
spots on the first and 5th and 6th segments above; each segment laterally with one long black, apically 
thickened hair. The very lazy larva lives on Cryptocarya peumus in November and pupates in an oval cocoon 
which is open at its upper end according to Jordan, closed on both sides according to Jzqitterdo. Chile. 
C. venusta Wkr. (= aristoteliae Phil., rufescens Phil., daphnea M.& IT.) (122 c). An uncommonly 
variable species of a ground-colour varying between yellow maize-colour and chestnut-red, to which variations 
the numerous individual names refer, often suffused with rosy-recldish, with a round white central spot 
bordered with brown, and a flatly curved brown postmedian line and a notched subterminal line behind it, which 
is often absent, sometimes all the lines are extinct. Extremely red-brown specimens may be named: vulpes 
