946 
CERURA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
Candida. 
rarata. 
tehuacana. 
'presidio. 
xicona. 
trigono- 
siigma. 
purusa. 
annulifera. 
laqueata. 
goncma. 
cirgcntina. 
argynnis. 
above. It lives on willows and poplars and on wild cherry. The darker form occurs in the Northern States, 
whilst the white form is found from Florida and Georgia to Kansas, also in Mexico. 
C. Candida Lintn. (148 b) resembles the preceding species from which it only differs in the white thorax 
and entirely white hindwings without any black marginal dots. It was formerly regarded as a form of sciti- 
scripta, but it is considered a distinct species now. From Florida. 
C. rarata Wkr. (148 b) is relatively near to the preceding species. Forewing silvery white, with 2 ante- 
median and 3 postmedian black dentate transverse lines, the anterior ones distantly separated and enclosing 
two black rings, one in the cell, one at the inner margin; above them, at the costal margin, there is a small 
V-shaped mark, a similar more distinct mark is subapical. Hindwing white, with a small black anal spot which 
may also be absent. The type is widely distributed and occurs already in Texas; farther to the south the species 
has been observed as far as Peru, in most variable forms. 
C. tehuacana sp. n. (148 b), in my opinion, is not a form of rarata, but a distinct species; more robustly 
built, more thickly scaled chalky, not so lustrous silky; all the black markings considerably thicker, of a more 
oblicpie course and partly confluent subapically and in the centre of the inner margin; thick internerval dots 
at the margin. Mexico (Tehuacan), types in the Coll. Draitdt. 
C. presidio Dyar is very similar to tehuacana and discernible by the olive grey filling of the interior 
band which lacks the inner-marginal ring; a black transverse line in the cell is surrounded by a circular line. 
Hindwing white, blackened at the base of the inner margin, with 2 oblique black lines at the anal angle and 
black-spotted fringe which is invariably purely white in tehuacana. A large species with an expanse of 44 mm. 
From Mexico (Presidio). 
C. xicona Dyar (148 c) is most closely allied to rarata, but smaller and more delicate, without the ring 
in the cell. Hindwing white, only very tiny black dots in the fringe. Mexico (Zacualpan), taken in November. 
C. trigonostigma Dyar (148 c) has hardly any markings, it is white with fine black spots intermixed 
with yellowish scales; a small triangular spot between the subcosta and inner-marginal vein, a small bipartite 
spot in the centre of the costal margin, and one opposite at the inner margin, a submarginal line from the apex 
to vein 4 and a triangular spot at the anal angle; black internerval dots at the margin. The abdomen is inter¬ 
mixed with black hairs. Mexico (Colima), taken in June. 
C. purusa Schs. Head and thorax white, the latter with a black dorsal line and 4 small spots; abdomen 
black above, base, anal segment, sides and ventrum white. Forewing silvery white, markings similar as in 
trigonostigma ; a triangular basal spot, a small one in the centre of the inner margin, filled with reddish-yellow, 
a short line behind the centre of the inner margin, a round spot filled with reddish-yellow in the centre of the 
cell, and a forked line above it at the costal margin; distal line between 4 and the costal margin thick black, 
close behind it another line between 6 and the costal margin; reddish-yellow scales between 8 and 6 extend 
downwards along the first line; small black lunae at the margin. Hindwing white, diaphanous in the disc. 
Expanse of wings: 34 mm. Brazil (Rio Purus). 
C. annulifera Berg (148 c) looks somewhat like rarata, but the forewing is olive grey, with two ante- 
median and postmedian notched black transverse lines, the two anterior ones likewise distantly separated 
and with 2 black rings, one in the cell and one at the inner margin, the small V-spot at the costal margin is 
absent; of the undulate line only darker shading on the inner side is present, and a large black subapical spot 
at the costal margin. Hindwing dark blackish-grey, fringe speckled black and white. Argentina. 
C. laqueata Schs. (148 c). Forewing silvery white, with 4 antemedian and two postmedian black undu¬ 
lated lines, another short line from the costal margin behind the most exterior line; a large irregular cellular 
spot projects somewhat obtusely outside below; a straight line at the margin below the apex, short streaks below 
it are directed obliquely clistad downwards. Hindwing white with a dark apical spot, a dark haired inner 
margin and small marginal spot. Costa Rica. 
C. gonema Schs. (148 c) is distinguished by brownish-grey hindwings; abdomen above also dark brown, 
only the two last segments with white bands; forewing silvery white with 6 similar transverse lines as in la¬ 
queata, the basal one bifurcating towards the costal margin, the third confluent with a black cellular spot, 
another black spot in the cell-end is confluent with one below it. French Guiana. 
C. argentina Dogn. is similar to gonema but smaller and with white hindwings; the basal transverse 
lines on the forewing are broken up into vein-dots, followed by a black cellular dot with a white pupil, 
and a small costal spot above it, the double postmedian line is removed farther subterminally, indistinctly 
black above the centre; the oblique marginal streaks are replaced by internerval dots. Abdomen black above, 
with a white anal end and ventrum. Expanse of wings: 27 mm. Described from Argentina. 
C. argynnis Schs. The white forewing exhibits behind the two interrupted basal transverse lines three 
rings: at the inner margin, in the cell and at the costal margin, one above the other and centred greenish 
yellow; the two double subterminal ones are somewhat faded towards the apex and intermixed with greenish- 
