PROTEROCLADIA; AITHORAPE; HYSTEROCLADIA. By Walter Hopp. 
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M. shilluca Schaus, from South Brazil, which I have not seen, is described to have saccidi similar to shilluca. 
those of Nor ape tosca. 
B. Forewing with 11 veins. 
a) Antennae red. 
The three genera comprised here have antennae from purple red to bluish-red, and white or partly 
red hair on the head. There are also some species of Norape with reddish antennae, but they can be recognized 
by the partly yellow hair on the head. Red hair do not occur in Norape nor does yellow colouring occur in the 
following genera. 
5. Genus: Proterocladia Hopp. 
Recognizable by the long anastomosis of the 1st radial branch of the forewing with the subcostal vein. 
Besides, Proterocladia is intermediary between Aithorape and Hysterocladia, the characters of which it unites. 
Only one species: 
P. roseata Hop p (160 a). White, slightly greenish in fresh specimens, shoulder-angles red, head red as roseata. 
far as the frons. The red colouring of the antennae easily vanishes in specimens of collections. Costa of fore¬ 
wing beneath blackish from the base to beyond the middle. From Peru, Uberaba (Minas Geraes), and Matto Grosso. 
6. Genus : Aithorape Hopp. 
The species of this genus are much larger on an average than those of the Hysterocladia. They are ex¬ 
ternally discernible by the neuration of the forewing: the third media and the first cubital vein are short-stalked 
in Aithorape, separated, however, in Hysterocladia. Moreover, they differ in the sexual armature: the uncus of 
Aithorape has a defined spike at its end, which is absent in Hysterocladia. The uncus-appendages (socii) are 
dorsally inserted in Aithorape, ventrally-basally, however, in Hysterocladia. All the species of Aithorape have 
harpes, while the Hysterocladia have only one species with even rudimentary harpes. Most of the species of 
Aithorape have a narrowly black-edged costa in the forewing, the $$ are apparently without it. 
The species of Aithorape are difficult to deterimene externally, as they look almost alike. But their male 
sexual armature shows constant extraordinary differences. 
A. longanella Hopp) has large harpes with broad ball-shaped ends, an anellus laterally ending in one longavella. 
long tip each, and very long transtilla-branches. Peru. 
A. roseicornis Dogn. ( = bella Druce ) (160 a) has still longer harpes which, however, remain narrow, pointed rosei- 
to the ends and often project from the abdomen. This is the most widely distributed species. Costa Rica, corms - 
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Upper Amazons. 
A. flammicornis Schaus seems to differ with roseicornis geographically; it has been found in Trinidad, flammi- 
Guiana, Venezuela, and the Lower Amazons. Its harpes are shorter, but similarly structured as in roseicornis , cornis - 
Constant differences have been ascertained on the uncus and the transtilla-branches. 
A. candelabaria Hopp has very long narrow falciform sacculi basally coherent with the shelled broad cande- 
short harpes. Peru. labaria. 
A. spinulata has very broad, shelled harpes on the inside of which the small horn-shaped sacculi are spinulata. 
situate. Peru. 
A. albicostata Hopp is without or almost without the fine black margin of the costa of the forewing. a lbi- 
The dorsal appendages of the uncus are longer than in spinulata , and without the large basal spike. Trinidad, cos tata. 
Lower Amazons, Minas Geraes, Paraguay. 
A. frontalis Schaus, the northernmost species, has also a white costa of the forewing, white hair on the frontalis. 
head, the uncus-comb is reduced to a paired basal spike. Mexico and Guatemala. 
A. analis Hopp (160 a) has the southernmost range. The uncus exhibits but faint traces of former spikes; analis. 
large, club-shaped sacculi and low, broad harpes; it has white hair on its head, and broad pectinate antennae. 
Sa. Catherina, also on the Itatiaya (Brazil). 
7. Genus : Hysterocladia Felder. 
The differences from Aithorape have been stated above. Many species exhibit besides more red colour¬ 
ing of the hair on the head, of the collar and thorax, but it is not always constant and, in spite of its conspi- 
