NORAPE. By Walter Hopp. 
1085 
N. venata Schs. (160 k) is very closely allied to puella, but distinguished in the male sexual armature venatu. 
by half as long harps and, externally, by prolonged black areas between the veins at the inner margin of the 
forewing. The species is larger, on an average, than puella. South-East Brazil, rarer than paella. 
N. undulata Jones (160 k) does not differ from venata in the male sexual armature, but it is differently undulata. 
marked; a small single or double streak in the end of the cell, a subterminal row of blackish, roundish-square 
spots; basal third of costa beneath blackish. Hindwing purely white. Forewing with transverse stripes. Vertex 
and basal tufts of antennae white, whilst the vertex is yellow in venata and puella. A rare species from Parana, 
Sao Paulo, and Minas Geraes (Brazil). 
N. jaromillo Dogn. (160 k) is likewise near to puella, as the male sexual armature shows. Eorewing jaromillo. 
dingy white, studded with brownish scales, and with a central straight blackish line proceeding from the hase 
and disappearing beyond the centi’e of the wing. Abdomen and legs light brown. Loja, Ecuador. 
N. miasma Dyar is brownish white in all its parts, but individually of variably intense tints, especially miasma. 
on the forewing beneath the costal area of which is sometimes intensely dark brown. Legs dark brown, slightly 
covered with white scale-hairs. From Castro, Parana (Brazil). 
N. miasmoides Hopp (160 k) is extraordinarily similar to miasma externally, but the male sexual arma- miasmoides. 
ture is quite differently shaped; the very appendage itself of the 10th ventral segment (uncus) is quite different 
in the two species: broad and ending in three small broad tips in miasma , a single lobe only basally somewhat 
broader in miasmoides. The latter species is likewise known from South-East Brazil, e. g. from Uberaba in 
Minas Geraes. 
N. nigrovenosa Drc. (= Trosia venata Schs., Pod. pallida Dogn., Tros. schultzei Hopp) (160 1) varies nigro- 
much in its colouring, which has led to the synonyms mentioned. Head from dark brown to yellow, thorax venosa. 
from white to brown, abdomen from yellowish white to yellowish brown, legs brown, tibiae and tarsi blackish. 
Also the forewing with a brown costa and brown-edged veins and the grey hindwing exhibit different tints. 
The species is widely distributed, especially in Costa Rica, Colombia, on the Amazon River, and in Peru; it 
occurs also rarely on the Itatiaya (Zikan). 
N. beggoides Dyar (Trosia) (160 1) has white smooth forewings without transverse stripes, but with a beggoides. 
black costa, and externally it resembles Mesoscia itatiayae as well as Macara pasaleuca. Vertex of head yellow. 
Collar and the long patagia-hairs feebly yellowish, the rest of the thorax white. Abdomen suffused with yellow¬ 
ish. A common species in South-East Brazil. 
N. fuscoapicata Dogn. (Repnoa) is a small white species scantily marked grey; the distal margin of fusco- 
the forewing, especially in the apical region, and the anal part of the abdomen are grey, the hindwing narrowly apicata. 
edged with grey, but the fringe white. From the Amazons. — heriilgi Hopp has exactly the same male sexual heringi. 
armature, so that it is probably only a race or form. It has purely white hair on the head and abdomen; without 
any yellow colouring. Forewing purely white, smooth, without stripes. Middle and hind legs white. From 
Paraguay and Argentina. 
B. White species: 
The great number of species with purely white wings exhibit but slight, mostly unreliable differences 
in their exterior. In most of the cases, the discrimination of these species is only possible in the males by reason 
of the very characteristic shape of the sexual armature, the exact description of which exceeds the scope of 
this work. Whosoever is more closely occupied with these species, may be referred to the special literature, 
particularly the “Mitteilungen aus dent Zoologischen Museum Berlin", 13th volume (1927), p. 209—336, and 
15th volume (1929), p. 41—51, where most of the sexual armatures have been figured. 
In normal cases, the white A 7 orape-species look as follows: vertex of head yellow. Antennal shaft white 
or ochreous, more rarely reddish. Thorax white, with radiately arranged long hairs of the patagia (in fresh 
specimens). Abdomen suffused with yellow on the dorsum, or with a yellow tuft at the base. Forelegs black 
inside, the other legs white. Forewing with silvery transverse stripes, beneath with a blackish costal stripe 
which, however, may also be absent. 
The following table of deviations from this normal case will facilitate finding a number of species: 
a) All the tibiae and tarsi black: muelleri forma atripes. virgo (occurring also with white 
legs), taurina, plumosa plumosa, plumosa biacuta (occurring also with white legs), jordani , nevermanni, insinuata, 
cornuta, obtusa, pampana, glabra. However, there occur also species in which the black legs are covered with 
white scale-hairs. 
