EPIPLEMA. By M. Gaede. 
1155 
disguise, many of them take refuge in the darkness of the bushes from which it is hard to drive them out. Only 
the E. incolorata (171 c) appears in places as a really common Epi/plema though extraordinarily individual and 
varying locally. It may happen that in a day’s catch not a single specimen resembles another, which adds to 
the difficulty of recognizing the species. — Altogether we specify about 70 forms of this genus from America; 
more than double that number are listed in Vol. X from the Indo-Australian Region. Africa has hardly more 
than 20 species, the palaearctic region does not even attain that number; they abound like so many other 
groups of Heterocera in the Papuan Region. - Palpi obliquely porrect. Antennae of $ thickened. Margins of 
wings very variably shaped. Forewing with veins 3 and 4 from the lower angle, 5 and 6 + 7 from the upper 
angle, 8 + 9 stalked. Hindwing with veins 3 and 4 from the lower angle, 6 and 7 from the upper angle. Type: 
acutangularia H.-Schdff. from South America. Cf. also Vol. II, p. 278; Vol. X, p. 583, and Vol. XIV, p. 391. 
1. Fore wing as well as hind wing without an excision at the distal margin. 
E. rotundata Warr. (171 c). Yellow, somewhat browner at the margin. The lines brown. The interior rotundata. 
one at %, strongly extra-angular in the middle. The exterior line at %, uniformly bent, edged with brownish 
ochre outside. Four black dots before the margin from the apex to vein 4. On the hindwing the two brown 
lines are more distinct, two black marginal dots near the apex. $ 13 mm. Paraguay. 
E. mamillata Fldr. (= obvallataria Msddr.) (172 b). Tan-coloured. Forewing with two violettish brown mamillata. 
triangles edged with red-brown, one each at the costal and inner margins. Narrowly red-brown in the anterior 
part of the distal margin. Hindwing with a red-brown line from the middle of the costal margin towards the 
anal angle, bent inward at vein 3 and disappearing. The specimen figured by Felder is somewhat greyer than 
the two specimens (types) of obvallataria. 18—22 mm. Portorico, Panama, Amazons. 
E. atrilinea Dogn. Lilac grey, strewn with white atoms at the distal margin in both wings; the fore- atrilinea. 
wing especially at the end of the costal margin and the hindwing at the inner margin. Forewing with the be¬ 
ginnings of 3 black lines: a basal line, an interior and exterior one. Black dots at the base of the cell, at the 
cross-vein and above vein 6. Two white postmedian dots on veins 5 and 6. Hindwing also with 3 lines; a short 
one at the base, a median line as far as the large black cellular spot and an exterior bent continuous line. As 
nothing is mentioned about marginal dents in the discription, it is placed here. $ 24 mm. Colombia. 
2. Forewing without an excision at t h e distal margin, h i n d w i n g 
with a dent at veins 7 and 4 , sometimes also at vein 6. 
E. ornata Jones (172 b). Forewing greyish ochreous, greyish brown at the costal margin as far as the ornata. 
exterior line and with the apex as far as vein 3 downward in the middle. Dark at vein 2 as far as the exterior line. 
Interior line fine, indistinct, dark, excurved in the cell. Exterior line undulate, rusty brown, almost parallel 
with the margin, whitish behind it. Marginal area grey and greyish brown. Hindwing greyish ochreous. Interior 
line very dark, angled in the cell. Median line parallel with it. The space between dark greyish brown, a dark 
undulate exterior line behind it. Hindwing with but one dent at vein 6. £ 18 mm. Brazil. The description 
of the hindwing differs somewhat from the original figure. 
E. ora Drc. (172 c). Ground-colour greyish brown. Exterior line of forewing uniformly bent from % ora. 
costal margin to 3 + inner margin, broadly edged with reddish brown inside. Interior line marked by 2 black 
streaks at the inner margin. Hindwing white at the inner margin. Adjoining to it a spot in the middle and 
an exterior white band as far as vein 4; reddish brown above and below the latter. $ 24 mm. Mexico, Guatemala. 
E. varipuncta Dogn. Wings white with red-brown dots. Three dots from the cell to the inner margin varipuncta. 
indicate the interior line. Exterior line indicated by 4 somewhat larger spots. A few dark streaks in front before 
the distal margin. Hindwing with a spot in the cell, at the costal margin, behind the cell, and with streaks 
before the margin. Hindwing slightly dentate at veins 4 and 7, somewhat concave between them. $ 20 mm. 
Ecuador. 
E. subapicata Dxyar i. 1. ? (172 c). Ground-colour milky white, marking violettish brown. Interior line subapicata. 
interrupted. At the costal margin as a triangular spot vertical from the median vein, somewhat inward at vein 
1. Exterior line of thick spots, two of them at the costal margin obliquely outward. Faded dark below it as 
far as vein 3, a white line partly indicated outside, then obliquely inward and broader dark, almost to the interior 
line. Blackish at the margin between veins 4 and 6. Hindwing with a median line rectangularly bent at vein 4, 
whitish, very broadly edged with brown inside, narrowly outside. Broadly violettish brown behind it at the 
margin between veins 5 and 2, a slight dent at vein 6. $ 22 mm. Mexico. 
E. incolorata Gn. (171 c). Ground-colour from white to greyish white with a brown marking, often incolorata. 
indistinct. Median line excurved from 2 / 5 costal margin to the middle of the inner margin, where it forms a 
large red-brown spot. Exterior line from 3 / 5 costal margin to the inner margin near the anal angle. A few black 
dots in front at the distal margin. Interior line of hindwing notched, near the base. Exterior line from % costal 
margin, sharply extra-angular at vein 4, then indistinct to % inner margin, broadly edged with red-brown inside, 
with a red-brown triangle inside before the angle. A brown shadow at the margin from vein 4 upward. Brazil, 
