1230 
SYNANTHEDON. By B. Zukowsky. 
querci. 
tecta. 
candescens. 
sigmoidea. 
t a coma. 
americana. 
culiciformis. 
black. Hindwing transparent with a black margin and white fringe. 14 mm. The species is easily discernible 
as it is quite black, except the light parts mentioned. Arizona, Fort Grant. Only BS are known; from galls 
of the Anime tree (Mesquite). 
S. querci Hy. Edw. (= quercus Hy. Edw.) (177 d). Head black. Palpi black, white at the tips and 
inside. Collar yellow. Antennae black. Thorax black, patagia with a few yellow scales, behind with a narrow 
yellow spot, beneath spotted yellow. Abdomen deep black with a very narrow yellow band on the 2nd and 3rd 
segments, a very broad one all around the 4th and very narrow ones again on the two last segments. Anal tuft 
black, broadly yellow above. Legs black, hair-tufts and spurs white, anterior coxae white with a yellow line. 
Forewing transparent with very narrow golden brown margins, cross-vein narrow, pale yellow. Beneath the 
margins and the cross-vein pale yellow. Hindwing transparent with very narrow purple brown margins, costal 
margin pale yellow. 12—18 mm. Arizona, Fort Grant. The larva is said to live in galls of oak. 
S. tecta Hy. Edw. (177 d <$, 177 e $). Head black, palpi yellow, collar in front narrowly yellow. An¬ 
tennae black. Thorax black, with a yellow line on each side and an indistinct posterior cross-bar in yellow. 
Abdomen black with five yellow bands, narrow on the 1st, 2nd and the two last segments, very broad on the 
4th segment . The last three rings extend to the under surface with an additional one on the 5th segment beneath. 
Anal tuft black, yellow beneath in the middle. Legs black, anterior coxae yellow, femora black, tibiae and 
tarsi with yellow rings. Forewing transparent with narrow black margins and cross-vein which is orange outside. 
Under surface marked yellow. Hindwing transparent with very narrow black margins. The $ has one ring 
less and the distal area of the forewing marked yellow between the veins. 18 mm. Arizona and New Jersey; 
specimens from the latter habitat are somewhat different. The early stages are not known. 
S. candescens Hy. Edw. (177 e). Head blackish brown. Collar, palpi and orbita purely white. Antennae 
black. Thorax and abdomen blackish brown, the latter with rather broad white rings on all the segments. Anal 
tuft black. Legs blackish brown with golden yellow scales, the tarsi with indistinct black bands, the anterior 
coxae white outside. Forewing purple brown with broad margins, so that only narrow hyaline areas remain, 
the distal area traversed by four veins, the inner margin dusted with white, the cross-vein purple brown, reddish 
orange outside. Hindwing transparent with a narrow purple brown margin. 15 mm. Arizona. Only a B is 
stated to be known, but in Beutenmuller's Monograph of the Sesiidae (Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.) there 
is 1 $ figured, which also corresponds with the description. 
S. sigmoidea Hy. Edw. (177 e). Head and antennae purple black. Palpi yellow, black above. Collar 
yellow. Thorax purple black with a yellow posterior streak, under surface with a yellow spot on each side. 
Abdomen bluish black with a lemon-coloured band on the 2nd, 4th and last segments, the 4th extending around 
the whole abdomen. Anal tuft black, whitish outside. Legs bluish black, tibiae with a broad yellow band, tarsi 
partly yellow. Cross-vein bluish black with an orange spot outside, the broad distal margin is lighter between 
the veins. Hindwing transparent with very narrow black margins. 18—21 mm. New Hampshire, Massachusetts. 
The species is allied to the palaearctic S. vespiformis (Vol. II, pi. 51 e). The larva is said to live in willows. 
S. tacoma Beut. (177 e). <$: head deep black, palpi yellow above, with long black hair below. Collar 
narrowly yellow in front. Thorax deep black with a narrow yellow stripe on the patagia, and a narrow yellow 
transverse line on the posterior part, beneath with a yellow spot on each side. Abdomen deep black with narrow 
yellow rings behind on the 2nd. 4th, 6th and 7th segments, the last three extending all round. Anal tuft black 
yellow below in the middle. Femora black, tibiae black with a yellow ring in the middle, tarsi yellow, anterior 
coxae with a yellow line. Forewing transparent, margins brownish black, rather broad, all reddish orange in¬ 
wards, cross-vein black, reddish orange on each side. Under surface: margins and cross-vein quite reddish 
orange. Hindwing transparent, the margin, fringe and veins brownish black, under surface with an orange 
line before the dark margin, veins orange. head and abdomen as in the dk only with three yellow rings, on 
the 2nd. 4th and 6th segments. Palpi quite yellow. Forewing with very narrow brownish black margins, the 
reddish orange broader than in the so that the wings almost look red. Hindwing transparent, the veins and 
a narrow line before the brownish black margin reddish orange. Under surface with broad reddish orange margins, 
the fringe brownish black. 20—22 mm. Big Horn Mts., Wyoming. Mt. Ranier, 2100 m, Washington. Allied 
to the palaearctic P. chrysidiformis (Vol. II, pi. 52 d). 
S. americana Beut. ( culiciformis Beut.) (177 e). Head deep bluish black, orbita white. Palpi black 
above, orange below. Thorax and abdomen metallic bluish black, the thorax with an orange spot on each side 
below, the abdomen with the whole fourth segment light red, sometimes with a red streak on each side from 
the base to the 4th segment. Anal tuft bluish black. Legs metallic blue, tarsi with a dingy white tinge. Fore¬ 
wing transparent, opalescent with blue margins and cross-veins, beneath pale orange at the base. Hindwing 
with narrow bluish black margins. 21 —25 mm. Evidently very closely allied to the following culiciformis L. 
which is otherwise palaearctic. Nevada, British Columbia, Washington. The larva lives beneath the bark and 
in the wood of young alder-trees. 
S. culiciformis L. (Vol. II. pi. 51 b). Head and thorax bluish black, palpi bluish black above, orange 
below, thorax below with a reddish orange spot on each side. Abdomen bluish black, the 4th segment red above 
