1254 
PARANTHRENE. By B. Zukowsky. 
Iricinclus. 
robiniae. 
cupressi. 
polistiformis. 
scepsiformis. 
Simula ns. 
scarlet spots on each side. Legs metallic brownish black. Forewing intensely scarlet, the distal margin and 
a round spot behind the cell-end blackish brown, the hindwing brown. Forewing beneath orange, brown out¬ 
side. Hindwing beneath brown. 12 mm. New Mexico. 1 $. 
32. Genus: JParailtJireiie Hbn. (Memythrus Newm.) 
Palpi erect, the 1st and 2nd joints very long with thick hair, the 3rd joint short with appressed scales. 
Antennae more or less dentate with ciliary tufts. Abdomen of with a plain anal tuft or four long pencils at 
the end of the last segment. Proboscis present. Forewing with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked. Hindwing with 4 
and 5 from the end of the cell, 6 from the cell. 7 and 8 very long. Legs long, tibiae feebly haired. Type: 
P. tabaniformis Pott, from Europe. 
P. tricinctus Harr. (180 a). Head black, collar yellow. Palpi black, yellow towards the apex. Antennae 
bluish black above, red beneath. Thorax black with a yellow shoulder-spot and lateral stripe. Abdomen black 
with a blue reflection; $ : segments 2, 4 and the two last, §: 2, 4, 6 above and beneath yellow. Anal tuft black. 
Legs black, middle and hind tibiae partly orange, the posterior ones also yellow, tarsi orange. Forewing vio- 
lettish black with a short hyaline streak at the base, inner margin and costa reddish near the base, these parts 
being yellowish beneath. Hindwing transparent, veins, discal mark and margins violettish black, reddish 
orange beneath. 25—28 mm. Canada, New England and Central States, to the west as far as Ohio and Michigan. 
Larva in twigs and trunks of poplars and willows, also in the galls of Saperda concolor, two larvae often 
behind each other. For the pupation the passage is closed with a silky spun membrane which is pierced by 
the emerging imago. It hibernates in the passages, pupates in May, and emerges in June and July. 
P. robiniae Hy. Edw. (180 a). Head and palpi yellow. Collar black, yellow in front and behind. An¬ 
tennae brownish orange. Thorax deep black with a yellow posterior margin and yellow sides. The three first 
abdominal segments above and beneath black, the 2nd and 3rd behind with a yellow ring, the remaining seg 
ments quite yellow. Legs yellow, femora mixed with black. Forewing orange brown with darker veins, yellow¬ 
ish beneath. Hindwing transparent with a narrow margin and orange brown veins. 26—36 mm. Nevada, 
California, Washington. - The larva is said to live, like that of tricinctus, in Populus alba, canescens, and 
Robinia pseudoacacia. The insects appear in the Pacific States in March and April, in Nevada in July. 
P. cupressi Hy.Edw. (180 a). head, palpi, antennae orange, face lighter. Collar purple brown, 
orange in front, golden yellow behind. Thorax brown, laterally and behind margined with golden yellow, 
besides with small posterior yellow hair-tufts on each side, the 1st abdominal segment black, the 2nd deep 
orange, yellow behind, the 3rd yellow, orange behind, the others as well as the 4 anal appendages deep yellow. 
Legs orange, femora black and orange. Hind tibiae yellow and orange, tarsi orange. Forewing purple brown, 
yellowish at the base with an orange streak along the middle, becoming indistinct at the discal vein. Hindwing 
transparent, veins purple brown, margins and fringe violettish brown with an orange line at the inner margin 
towards the base. Beneath all the colours are more intense. $: similar to the <§, but without the 4 small anal 
brushes. Forewing mostly paler, segments 2—5 broadly orange, the others yellow. Collar orange, broadly 
yellow behind, palpi yellow, orange at the bottom. 30—35 mm. Utah, Colorado, Arizona. 
P. polistiformis Harr. (180 b). Head reddish, face whitish. Palpi reddish. Antennae above black, red 
beneath. Thorax brown, sometimes laterally reddish. Abdomen brown, warming into violet, the 2nd and 
4th segments with a yellow ring, the anal segment with 4 orange brown small brushes, the exterior ones being 
shorter. Legs orange, femora black. Forewing brownish black with a violet shine and a short hyaline streak 
at the base; beneath orange at the base. Hindwing yellowish transparent with violettish brown margins, 
discal vein oblique, inner margin orange at the base. The $ is stronger and dark on the whole, without anal 
appendages. 21—37 mm. Vermont, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Illi¬ 
nois, Missouri. Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota. — Larva in cultivated and wild grape-fruits, especially in the Sou¬ 
thern States; it may do much harm and is known as “orange-borer”. 
P. scepsiformis Hy. Ediv. (180 b). Head purple brown, palpi and collar rusty brown. Antennae black, 
dingy orange beneath and at the apex. Thorax dark brown, sometimes margined with yellow. Abdomen 
blackish, the 2nd segment yellow behind. Legs black, tibiae and tarsi marked orange. Forewing from dark 
browji to blackish with a bluish reflection, somewhat rust-coloured at the inner margin, the base now and then 
yellow. Hindwing transparent with a broad distal margin occupying almost one third of the wing. Margins 
and fringe violettish black, base and inner margin rust-coloured, more orange beneath. 25—30 mm. Mary¬ 
land. Kansas, Texas. 
P. simulans Grt. (= luggeri Hy.Edw.) (179 g). Head black, orbita lemon-coloured. Palpi black at 
the bottom, otherwise yellow. Antennae black. Collar lemon-coloured. Thorax black, behind with yellow 
marks extending to the forewings. Anterior coxae yellow, femora black with some yellow, tibiae yellow and 
orange, tarsi orange. Abdomen black with a broad yellow band on the posterior margin of each segment; they 
may become so broad that the abdomen appears to be quite yellow. The short anal tuft is darker, more orange. 
Forewing thinly covered with dingy orange brown scales, with a strong blackish brown costal margin and a 
