1290 
HEPIALUS. By R. Pfitzner f- 
hectoides. 
lenzi. 
sequoiolus. 
behrensi. 
monianus. 
californica. 
muslelina. 
labradorien- 
sis. 
gracilis. 
lemberti. 
staudingeri. 
The Hepialid genera occurring in the American Region are: Hepialus F. with the subordinate genera 
Phymatopus Wllgr., Sthenopis Pack, and Cibyra Wkr., then Philaenia Ky. (= Pharmacis Moschler), Dalaca Wkr., 
Triodia Hbn., Pielus Wkr., Callipielus Btlr., Philanglaus Btlr., Osrhoes Drc., Phassus Wkr., Pseudophassus Weym. 
1. Genus: Hepialus F. 
Head and thorax with woolly hair. Antennae shorter than the thorax, eyes bare, no accessory eyes. 
Palpi tiny; proboscis absent, two round knots instead of it. All the wings with 12 veins and an inserted 
cell between veins 4 and 5. Hindwing also with 2 or 3 branches arising from the anterior median vein and 
extending into the costal margin. Larvae subterranean, on roots. Metamorphosis in a web. In America 
more in the west, in mountainous districts. Besides the genuine Hepialus the subgenera Phymatopus, Sthenopis 
and Cibyra are represented. 
a) Hepialus F. 
H. hectoides Bsd. (= inutilis Edw., modestus Edw., sangaris Strck.) (99 a). With this species which 
is similar to the European hectus- $ and has also the same shape and size we begin the series of the North-American 
Hepialus. Forewing brownish ochreous with dark red markings. Hindwing brownish grey, margin ochreous. 
California, Arizona. I received specimens from Obispo, where the species flies in May and June. — lenzi 
Behr (99 a) is mostly smaller, more reddish, with a very indistinct marking. 
H. sequoiolus Behr ( = mendocinolus Behr) (99 a) is a closely allied species, likewise from California. 
Darker, with more greyish brown markings. It inhabits the higher parts of the Rocky Mts.; I received spe¬ 
cimens from Colfax, Cal., 5000 ft. Francis Williams reports details about the larva and its habits. Head 
slightly bilobate, round, partly hidden below segment 1, diaphanous reddish brown, oral parts black, size 
4 mm, with a few hairs. Body cylindrical, segments 2 and 3 somewhat thickened, 12 and 13 tapering. The 
larger segments with a subdivision, wood-brown, segments 12 and 13 dingy white. Body: dorsal shields with 
tubercles set with brownish hairs, thoracic legs yellow; all the thoracal segments with large umber-brown dorsal 
shields of different sizes. On the sides of all the segments (except 13) there are 4 tubercles each above the 
spiracles in two rows. Segments 4, 5, 10, 12 with one large dorsal tubercle each with 2 hairs. — In trunks 
of Eriophyllum staedifolium and roots of Helenium puberulum and in the large yellow lupine. It bores a 
longitudinal tunnel close above the soil and closes the opening with its excrements. Larval stage about 2 
years, grown up in June. In captivity the larvae attack one another. Common near San Francisco, Alameda, 
Mendocino. behrensi Stretch ( = tacomae Edw.) is a very closely allied species, likewise from California. 
Salmon-coloured brown, with hardly any spots, 3 parallel bands, the 1st and 2nd in the lower third spotted 
with silver, the 3rd often absent. - morstanus Strck. may also belong to this group. Dark brown or yellow¬ 
ish brown, 3 paler bands of spots, bordered with dark, hindwing of the same colour or darker. Size same 
as of behrensi : about 55 mm. The synonyms anceps Edw., baroni Behr, desolatus Strck., rectus Edw. are per¬ 
haps identical with subordinate forms of the apparently very variable species. Widely distributed, California 
to Nevada. 
H. califomica Bsd. (99 a), very closely allied to the European carna forms the transition to the follow¬ 
ing group. Forewing dark grey, in a certain exposure to light we see towards the apex a few whitish parallel 
stripes enclosing smaller round spots of a darker colour. Hindwing blackish grey. Size of hectus. It inhabits 
more the higher mountains of California, Plumas (10 000 ft.), Pomona. June. 
H. mustelina Pack. (99 a) and the following species represent the European velleda- group in North 
America, mustelina is brown, forewing finely speckled with a lighter brown and an irregular whitish band 
along the distal margin from the interior angle to the apex. — labradoriesisis Pack. (27 mm) is a form with 
a black shadow above this band along the inner margin. The specimens from the United States seem to be 
somewhat larger and paler, semitransparent, judging from 1 specimen of my collection from Massachusetts 
(33 mm); North-Eastern America. — The allied H. gracilis (= furcatus Grt.) is likewise feebly scaled, dark 
brown, the whitish transverse band is rather broad, but not dentate, the rest of the wing clouded dark with 
black and brown scales without distinct spots; distal margin white, fringe spotted black. 33 to 40 mm. Nor¬ 
thern States as far as Canada. 
H. lemberti Dyar (99 a). Dull ochreous, with rows of hyaline dark-edged spots of a most variable 
distinctness and size; some may be absent, others confluent. Hindwing blackish. 30—35 mm. California, on 
high mountains (1 specimen from Cisco, taken in June). 
We append now first of all the species from the antarctic zone of South America. 
H. staudingeri Wgn. (antarcticus Stgr.). 1 specimen from Paramo (Sebastian Bay on the eastern coast 
of Fuegia); the name had to be changed, because antarcticus was already preoccupied by a South-African 
species published by Wallengreen. Description according to Staudinger (Magelh. Sammelreise): 1 $, 
59 mm. Fringe longer than in Pielus luteicornis (pi. 99 h), a band-like marking on the forewing, similar to 
