1292 
HEPIALUS. By R. Pfitzner f. 
roseicaput. 
mutatus. 
demutatus. 
mcglashani. 
confusus. 
pulcher. 
mathewi. 
noviganus. 
mackiei. 
labradorien- 
sis. 
argenteoma- 
culatus. 
perdita. 
purpuras- 
cens. 
auratus. 
quadrigut- 
tatus. 
semiaura- 
tus. 
thule. 
dorita. 
spots, as also in many ganna According to Barnes Benjamin, hyperboreus shows silvery spots on the 
forewing, the hindwing with a dark brown band from the apex almost to the base of the wing. — American 
authors have mistaken the species or form roseicaput Neum. & Dyar for hyperboreus. roseicaput is sexually 
dimorphous. Forewing of with an open V-shaped silvery marking, not very irregular, only partly split up, 
the other silver marking divided. Hindwing blackish brown, pink at the margin. The $ has a more or less black 
V on the forewing. British Columbia, Oregon. — mutatus Barn. & Benj. denotes $$ which are exceptionally 
marked like the From Oregon. demutatus Barn.dk Benj. are $$ with a more or less unmarked forewing. 
Oregon. — mcglashani H. Edw. (99 a) has a much more irregular V on the forewing, often with one or more 
spurs on the V, the $ also sometimes with a divided V. From California. — confusus H. Edw., from Alaska, 
exhibits (on the left forewing) an oblique silvery E with additional spurs. The marking is divided, the parts 
connected by black. Hindwing uniformly dark brown. — pulcher Grt. has an almost coherent E-marking. Hind¬ 
wing salmon-coloured dusted with blackish. Colorado, Utah. — The following forms show the silvery marking 
confined to a broad open V connected with the base. Only at the costal margin 1 or 2 spots, a few below 
vein 1 and at the base of the fringe. — mathewi H.-Edw. (99 a) has a black spot at the cell-end of the 
forewing. The apical end of the V is mostly black. Hindwing with yellow or salmon-coloured hair at the 
base. Vancouver I. — noviganus Barn, cb Benj. may also be a race of roseicaput. Separated from mcglashani 
by a more neatly marked V, the marginal spots are always faded also in otherwise distinctly marked specimens. 
Separated from mathewi by the absence of the black spot in the cell-end and at the V outside. Hindwing less 
spotted. Typical noviganus have a somewhat brown or reddish brown ground-colour. From Ontario. — mackiei 
Barm. dd Benj. is pinkish salmon-coloured. Alberta. 
H. labradoriensis Mschlr. Dark brown sand-coloured. Forewing with a black angular spot in the middle, 
surrounded by light brown, a straight light band before the margin. Size of mathewi (99 a). Labrador. 
c) Sthenopis Pack. 
This well defined and characterized group inhabits the North-Eastern United States as far as Canada. 
Large species, the size, shape of wings and marking resemble those of Phassus shamyl (Vol. II, pi. 54 a). Fore¬ 
wing with silvery or golden maculae. 
H. argenteomaculatus Harr. (= alni Kell., argentata Pack.) (99 b). Forewing with a produced apex, 
dark brown, marbled grey, two silvery spots near the base. Hindwing brown, apex more or less spotted. 
65—105 mm. North Atlantic States. — perdita Dyar. Dark brown, marbled sandy brown, the maculae sometimes 
extinct. Hindwing somewhat diaphanous. Habitat not stated. — purpuraseens Pack, is more purple brown; 
from White Mountain larvae: according to Beutenmuller the head is light yellowish brown above with black 
oral parts, the body with rows of black hairy dots. The 2nd and 3rd segments paler than the head, legs 
yellowish. 30 mm. It lives for two years in the roots of alder-trees, in the 3rd it ascends to the trunk. In 
the spring of the 3rd year it bores itself to the surface, closing the opening partly with refuse and discharging 
the imago in June. 
H. auratus Grt. Yellowish brown with a metallic bronze reflection and indistinctly white-edged spots 
which are most prominent on the two parallel transverse bands; a posterior transverse line and the submarginal 
line, the latter with 2 or 3 small silvery white triangles below the apex. 48 mm. New Jersey, New York, 
New Hampshire. Rare. 
H. quadriguttatus Grt. (99 b). From a jjale salmon-colour to olive brown, with golden brown bands 
shaped as in argenteomaculata, two costal bands and a marginal one; the latter extended at the interior angle 
and enclosing a paler shadow; 2 silvery spots near the base of the forewing; hindwing salmon-coloured, more 
or less reddish. 55—90 mm. In the mountains of New England and farther to the north; Sullivan Mts., 
2500 ft., in June; Montreal in June; Winnipeg, Manitoba in July. Assiniboine, Alberta, common. — semiauratus 
Neum. with an intense golden gloss, of the same range. 
H. thule Strk. (99 b). Bone-white, brownish ochreous at the costal margin, 2 small silvery spots each 
close together at the base and in the centre of the wing. 60—75 mm. Canada (Montreal), Wisconsin. July. 
* 
d) C i b y r a Wkr. 
The European representative of this subgenus is H. sylvinus (Vol. II, pi. 54 g). 5 Brazilian species. 
H. dorita Schs. Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen fawn-coloured, forewing violettish brown 
costally as well as at the inner margin, the space between veins 2 and 7 dull golden, traversed by reddish veins, 
and dull lilac brown spots edged with reddish. A silvery spot at the base of the cell, another one before vein 
2, a large silvery spot at the cell-end, and a series of silvery spots between veins 5 and 7. Hindwing leather- 
brown, shaded reddish from the base to the distal margin, fringe basally dark, paler at the end. 33 mm. 
Castro (Parana). 
