GERYDINAE. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
803 
3 black spots of the hindwing above are isolated. — subsp. robusta Fldr. (142 a) from Halmaheira differs by robusta. 
the shape of the median spot in the forewing extending below as far as the base and being connected with the 
blackish-brown marginal band towards the margin by 3 narrow teeth, as well as by the latter band being pro¬ 
longed along the proximal margin as far as the base; hindwings with 5 black spots. — In abbreviata Strand abbreviata . 
from Sumatra, being perhaps only a local race of robusta with which it otherwise corresponds, the marginal 
band only reaches the middle of the proximal margin. 
L. castnia Strand (142 a). $ above black with a jet-black marginal line in both wings and brownish castnia. 
marginal scales; forewing with a brownish costal margin and behind the centre, between the veins 2 and 11, 
with a broad, bright reddish yellow transverse band being somewhat narrower in the middle part. Under surface 
of the forewing on the basal half black with a lighter proximal margin, distal half blackish violet with scattered 
light scales being somewhat more densely strewn at the apex; a light band as above, but narrower, less pro¬ 
minent, as if formed of several coherent spots. Hindwing black with a violet reflection, scattered light scales 
and indistinct, light, antemarginal blurred spots; in the cell the black colouring forms an intense spot being 
distally sharply defined in a right angle. New-Guinea (Kaiser Wilhelms Land). 
2. Subfamily: Gerydinae. 
The three genera belonging here form a sharply delimited group which by two marks may be forthwith 
with certainty separated from all the other Lycaenidae and altogether from all the Rhopalocera known. The 
first characteristic mark is the shape of the uncus which in some species is already exteriorly conspicuous by 
protruding from the abdomen like a flag and attaining sometimes half the length of the abdomen. Characteristic 
on the other hand are the long femora of the hindlegs, often in connection with broad, flat, spatulate tarsi. 
The flattened tarsi are exhibited not only on the stunted forefeet of the G<S and $$, but in the genus Gerydus 
also on the middle- and hindfeet. But whilst the proportions of the legs are variable in single groups of species, 
the structure of the clasping-organs remains entirely analogous in all the species known. The uncus consists 
of two chitinous sheets, the knife-shaped parts of which are clorsally and basally connected with each other 
by a short, narrow bridge. The backside of the two plates is always somewhat caved in like a saddle, the dorsal 
ends rounded, the ventral part shows an obtuse point. Each plate, at the ventral part, bears one styloid, small 
hook rising about in the middle, being turned proximally and strongly curved at the apex. This hook is found 
in all the species and of a rather uniform size. The uncus itself varies somewhat in the shape of the trough¬ 
shaped impress on the dorsal side, in its length and the more or less slender, distal apex. 
In contrast with the uncus as well as with most of the Lycaenid genera, the valve is stunted. The valve 
itself likewise appears uncommonly slender, sometimes with a sharp, occasionally also with an obtuse apex. 
The palpi are remarkably narrow, thin, and feebly scaled, the terminal joint almost as long as the 
middle joint, finely pointed and slightly bent forward. 
In one group of species the tibiae are remarkably thickened at the anterior end. 
The structure of the three acknowledged genera of this subfamily is, analogous to the clasping-organs, 
throughout homogeneous. A characteristic mark common to all is the absence of the anterior discocellular 
of the forewing. The second subcostal vein may be situate near the cell-apex or somewhat proximally placed. 
In Gerydus the cell is relatively narrow, in Loyania short and broad. The middle and posterior discocellulars 
are, as a rule, cjuite steep, streak-shaped, only in Gerydus the latter is faintly concave. 
In some species there is a third sexual mark exhibited by the thickening of the rise of the anterior 
median. 
Macromalayana is undoubtedly the orginal patria of the Gerydinae, particularly Borneo is the centre 
and habitat of incessantly appearing novelties. And yet the northernmost part and the east of the island are 
still almost unknown. But nevertheless the share of Borneo is not to be estimated so very optimistically as 
Moulton did full of enthusiasm, who believed that 33 species lived in Borneo and among them 18 species which 
occurred nowhere else. In the first instance Borneo has hardly more than 30 species of which only 5 or 6 are 
endemic, whilst the other ,,species“ have proved to be local races of collective species that are widely distributed 
or at least at home in the whole of Macromalayana. On the continent but few endemic species are found, in 
addition to which I chanced to discover an entirely isolated species in Tonkin. We now know from India 5 
species, Burma 13, Tonkin 3, Perak 16, Borneo 29, Sumatra 24, Java 15, Celebes 9, the Philippines 14, the 
Moluccas 2, New Guinea 5. The number of species of the Philippines, of Celebes, and particularly of Tonkin 
and of the Malayan Peninsula will yet be increased. Especially from the latter we may still expect cpiite 
a number of species being hitherto known only from Sumatra. 
The knowledge of the shape of the egg is due to Doherty. The egg is above and beneath flat, sometimes 
carinated and covered with a delicate network. The egg of G. boisduvali, according to Kershaw’s *) figure, 
*) Butt. Hongkong, t. 6 a, f. 19, 1907. 
