GERYDUS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
819 
G. biggsi an interesting species of Macromalayan origin, though it has advanced to the north as 
far as the Naga Hills and the Philippines. The species is extremely sensible to local influences and is divided 
into a great number of areal and geographical races. Both sexes are rather uniformly marked, i. e. they both 
exhibit a white oblique band of the forewing varying in width according to the locality. The $ differs from 
the U only by somewhat more distinctly dentate forewings. But there are in Java as well as in Sumatra 
with distinctly tailed hindwings. The white band of the forewing may be dusted with grey independently of 
the locality. The size of the $ and $ also vary regardless of the season. The under surface is grey with a whitish 
disc of the forewing. Uncus slender with a deeply caved-in dorsum; valve short, ventrally somewhat project¬ 
ing, extremely narrow. — biggsi Dist. (= gopara Nicev.) (141 g). Naga, Karen and Chin Hills, Malayan Penin- biggsi. 
sula. From Singapore and the Riouw Archipelago in my collection. The white oblique band of the forewing in 
the 2 but slightly broader than in the U- Sometimes the white band is dusted with a dull greyish brown (f. 
atomaria Fruhst.), which is apparently constant in the examples of the Riouw Islands, biggsi is very common atomaria. 
on the Battak Mountains of North East Sumatra, from where I have examples before me, which, as a rule, 
are somewhat larger than Singapore-specimens, but which nevertheless show a narrower white band of the 
forewing. Thus there is also an inclination to the form atomaria. 8 among 20 9? are conspicuous for their 
sharply dentate, instead of roundish, hindwings (f. detlticuiata Fruhst.) From West Sumatra there is a round- denticulata. 
winged 2 form before me, fiyrtlphis Fruhst., from the surroundings of Padang-Pandjang. Smaller than specimens hymphis. 
from North East Sumatra, ground-colour paler, the discal spot of the forewing expanded, anteriorly perceptibly 
narrowed. Under surface lighter grey without a reddish admixture. -— niasicus Fruhst. Ground-colour still lighter niasicus. 
than in nymphis. The band of the forewing passing through as far as the costal margin, almost twice as broad 
as in the most narrowly banded Sumatrans. Under surface of the forewings with, a more imposing yellowish white 
spot than in biggsi. Only 1 $ in Coll. FruhstorfeR. — batunensis Fruhst. from Pulo-Tello of the Batu Islands, batunensis. 
the white band of the forewing somewhat narrower than in the Nias-specimens, the under surface considerably 
darker than in biggsi from Nias and Sumatra. Type in the Col I. Adams of the British Museum. •— artaxatus Fruhst. artaxatus. 
( = g°P ara Fruhst. Berk Ent. Zeitschr. 1896 p. 303). West Java. It differs from Sumatran biggsi beneath by the 
white spot of the forewing being more imposing, the hindwings exhibiting more distinct, in the $ more intensely 
red-brown and larger cucullate bands on a lighter grey-white ground. Under surface of both sexes recognizable 
by white diffuse spots between the light brown spots. West Java, surroundings of Sukabumi. Rare at elevations 
of 6 to 800 m. -—- oichalia Fruhst., an analogon to fa. denticulata. <$: forewings more pointed than in biggsi oichalia. 
artaxatus Fruhst. from Java, hindwings distinctly dentate. —- metrovius Fruhst. from Sandakan in North metrovius. 
Borneo. The white stripe of the forewing sometimes reduced to a small median spot, also iivthe $ hardly ever 
reaching the costal. Type in the British Museum. — cellarius Fruhst. (141 f). Common on the Kina Balu, cellarius. 
North Borneo. The most imposing of the forms known. Forewings more pointed than in biggsi from Singapore 
and Sumatra. The white discal spot of the forewing almost twice as broad as even in the $ of the race from 
Singapore. The white spot of the cell, however, does not reach the costal margin. Alpine form, 4 4 $$ in 
my collection. - —- eustatius Fruhst. As to the habitus very near to G. biggsi , but of a smaller shape and with eustatius. 
round instead of pointed forewings. Hindwings more sharply dentate than in biggsi cellarius. The upper surface 
of the forewing characterized by the absence of the. black basal spot characterizing the forewings of biggsi ; 
the white region besides filling up the whole cell and advancing as far as the costal margin. Under surface 
without the reddish distal tint of both wings, but with more distinct, anteterminal, black dots. Hindwings 
lighter grey than in cellarius, the three macular bands, however, particularly proximally more sharply defined 
and thereby more distinctly contrasting with the ground-colour. Lowlands of North Borneo, collected near 
Lawas in February by Everett, 15 Uc? i n the Coll. Fruhstorfer. To this form presumably also belong 
mentioned by Druce from the Island of Labuan. Dr. Martin has recently found them also near Balik-Pappan 
(in English: Turn round the bed) in East Borneo in the woods near the shore. — sebethus subsp. nov. another sebethus. 
interesting, strongly marked race of South Borneo. UU much nearer to biggsi from the Malayan Peninsula 
than to cellarius from the Kina Balu or eustatius from the plains of North Borneo. The white oblique band 
of the forewing arranged something like in Sumatran biggsi, only in the $ considerably narrower, not reaching 
the costal margin. Under surface much darker, the longitudinal bands very distinct, delicately bordered with 
white. The reddish lustre at the apex of the forewing distinguishing the forms of North Borneo is absent here. 
Sintang on the Kapuas, flying in March. To this form presumably also belong $$ mentioned by Moulton 
from the Island of Pulo-Laut in the south east of Borneo. — natunensis v. Eecke i. 1. is allied to sebetlms which, natunensis. 
however, it excels in the extent of the white area of the forewing, and is remarkable for the distally projecting 
components of the white zone, which are embedded between the middle median and the submedian. Thereby 
it corresponds with some specimens from North East Sumatra. Natuna Islands. Type in the Museum of Leyden. 
- —- drucei Semp. is described from Bohol in the Philippines. There are only known approximating the Kina drucei. 
Balu form in the extent of the white region of the forewing. The under surface, however, is more faded. Accor¬ 
ding to statements by Swinhoe (in Lepid. Indica Vol. NI, p. 192) there occurs a biggsi- race in Celebes. But 
specimens from there have remained unknown to me. 
G. zinckeni. A remarkable and typical Macromalayan species which was hitherto known only from zinckeni. 
the three large Sunda Islands, but which is in a distinct race from Perak in the British Museum, where I 
