822 
GERYDUS. By H. Frtihstorfer. 
extensively white than in pandu Horsf. hindwings entirely white, only the costal margin is yet jet-black. 
I collected it on the promontory of the Tengger Mountains at altitudes of up to about 700 m. Dr. Martin 
megaris. sent a series of examples from Bali. — megaris Fruhst. (141 d). Near to the East Javanese perlucidus. Under 
surface distinguished by the almost purely white or light cream-coloured apical part of the hindwing. Also 
petronms. otherwise paler than Javanese. Lombok, from the sea-shore up to 600 m. -— petronius Dist. Sandakan (North 
Borneo). A magnificent form. $ with a median band being sharply defined by black on the hindwing, larger 
than the 99 of other insular forms. Under surface of a conspicuously light colouring, still lighter than megaris 
hieropous. Fruhst. from Lombok. — hieropous subsp. nov. Brunei (North Borneo). 9 not to be confounded at all with 
the albinotic race from Sandakan, much more like the Sumatra race. Hindwings of the A above peculiarly 
hierophan- powdered with a bluish grey. — hierophantes subsp. nov. is a highly specialized form of the Sulu Islands. Fore- 
tcs. w i n g with an extensive white basal zone. Hindwing with a whitish discal stripe. Under surface of the forewing 
almost white, only a transcellular shade has been left. Hindwings preponderantly white with brown discal 
edonus. bands. Type in the Coll. Semper. — edonus Fruhst. Palawan. 9 smaller than those of the preceding races. 
Costal margin of the forewing broadly covered with black only beginning from the cell. Under surface darker 
philopator. than in Macromalayan races. •—- philopator Fruhst. Mindoro. Semper’s statement (in Schmetterlinge der Philip- 
pinen, May 1889, p. 162) that G. symethus occurs also in the Philippines, is confirmed by the material of the 
British Museum. On the whole, philopator approximates the Palawan-race, though the are darker than 
Palawan- 99 > with a whitish discal spot being peculiarly tinted with a bluish grey. 9 allied to the 9 of Gerydus 
symethus edonus Fruhst. from Palawan, the white parts, however, much more stunted, covered either with a 
slaty grey or bluish. The under surface altogether more intensely coloured, the white median part of the forewing 
more dispersed, peripherically more broadly bordered with black. Further insular races are found in Mindanao 
and Luzon, but specimens from there are not known to me. 
G. melanion is the most common Gerydinae of the Philippine Archipelago and distributed from 
Luzon to Mindanao. Semper had at his disposal 139 examples against but 5 of G. symethus. The interesting 
species forms a very attractive transition from G. symethus to G. leos, and in spite of the quite dissimilar 
it must be regarded as the representative of the Molucco-Papuan leos in the Philippines. A above very 
much like Allotinus horsfieldi, but with a whitish instead of grey androconial spot. Between the posterior median 
and the submedian there is a submarginal white stripe embedded. The 9 resembles some G. leos- races by the 
distribution of spots on the upper surface of the forewings, but the contour of the hindwing is more obtuse. 
The under surface reminds us of G. symethus, but it is throughout darker grey. The clasping-organs are sharply 
separated from G. symethus and G. leos. The uncus has stouter, shorter and broader sheets, and as a chief 
characteristic remarkably short and at the same time stronger, small ventral hooks than any other Gerydinae 
having been examined hitherto. The valve resembles that of G. leos, being beneath roundish without a delimited 
melanion. apex, melanion Fldr. (141 d) is known only in the male. Beside the androconial spot the forewings exhibit 
euphranor. a short whitish stripe above the submedian. Luzon. -— euphranor Fruhst. Beside G. symethus philopator Fruhst. 
there is in the Philippine Island of Mindoro also an off-branch of the G. melanion Fldr. The is distantly similar 
to G. boisduvali irroratus Druce by its size and the discal spotting of the upper surface of the forewing. The 
sexual spot of the forewing, however, more imposing, more distinctly prominent than in the boisduvali- races. 
Under surface of the forewings with a large white transcellular spot; besides there are two isolated maculae 
in the anal angle. 9 ; above with a peculiar silky gloss. Forewings with a square, distinct discal area and a 
narrow white stripe behind the submedian. Both sexes with jet-black anteterminal dots on the under surface 
of both wings. Mindoro, Baco District. Flying in May and June. Type in the Coll. Adams of the British Museum. 
vitelianus. -— vitelianus Fruhst. (141 c). Mindanao. $ with double stripes being above reduced to two small dashes. 9 
with a white area being broken up into two spots and repeating the scheme of marks of leos sarus Fruhst. 
from East Celebes. $ beneath almost black-grey with darkened traces of white, small transcellular spots. 9 
bazilanus. intensely brown-yellow, analogous to the 9 of sarus Fruhst. from Tombugu. — bazilanus Fruhst. (141 c). Bazilan. 
very near to the $ of the Luzon-form. The 9 differs from that of the Mindanao-race by the broader and coherent 
median band of the forewing. The under surface is remarkably light, strikingly similar to megaris from Lombok, 
beneath something like maximus Holl., but still somewhat darker grey. 
G. leos replaces symethus in the Molucco-Papuan subregion and has advanced, towards the west, 
as far as Sumbawa. leos begins there, where symethus reaches its easternmost point with the race megaris in 
Lombok, leos was by some authors taken to be merely a subordinate form of symethus ; the morphology of 
the clasping-organs, however, undoubtedly designs it as a species of its own. All the races of leos differ from 
symethus by their rounder shape of the forewings which they have in common. The even surpass 
pandu Horsf. in the extent of a rather compact white median area of the forewing. The 99 > however, exhibit 
a marking repeating that of the symethus-$<$. — The white discal striping of the 99 varies decidedly more 
than in the western symethus, being sometimes rudimentary, sometimes, however, flown together to a broad 
area which, however, is distally always more irregularly dentate than in the $<$. Hindwings of the 99 with 
a much longer small tail than in Macromalayan symethus. The colouring'beneath is always without any admixture 
teos. of yellow tints, and in both sexes slaty-grey. - — teos Doli. an excellent insular race. $ with an almost entirely 
