782 
ABISARA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
the under surface of the forewings and being softened down on the hindwings. Later on there appear specimens 
abnormis. in which the white band is developed also on the upper surface of the forewings. This is f. abnormis Moore 
(140 b). In May, when the Monsoon begins to set in, the first specimens of the rainy period appear, being of 
a much larger habitus. They immediately exhibit again the beautiful plum-colour with an extensive violet 
lustre, the band in the median part of the under surface, also that of the forewing, begins to darken, and on 
the upper surface a marking is formed like in meta Fruhst. (140 c) from Tonkin, which is at first covered with 
dirty whitish violet, but which, on the decrease of the rain-fall, begins again to brighten up and to extend. 
In $$ of November we have then again a very broad white, though still slightly reddish dusted striation, and 
the round of discolorations begins anew. A $ from the Chin Hills of the Tring Museum has above two white 
jhana. prominent longitudinal bands of the forewings: jhana form.. nov. (140c). -— As suffusa Moore, a dry period- 
sujfusa. f orm Q f North India was described occurring near Poona in especially stunted small and faded specimens. Some¬ 
what larger specimens occur near Bombay and lie before me also from South India. Flying-time December 
till February. The median band of the under surface of both wings remains more rectilinear without forming 
fraterna. such acute angles in the median zone of the hindwings as in the Burma-race. -— fraterna Moore, the stage of 
development of the rainy period, lies before me from the months of July and August, from Masuri and the 
Karwar District. $ above similar to that of celebica (138 c), with a deep purple lustre. $ the most nearly allied 
to erilda-Q (138 d), though larger and with shorter yellowish-white oblique bands of the forewings. -— Larva 
on Embelia robusta Roxb. and Ardisia humilis Vahl., two species of the Myrsineae; on the under surface of 
leaves showing the same light green as it has itself. Pupa, according to Aitken, so very similar to the larva 
that it is difficult to decide whether the pupation has already taken place. Imago very common especially 7 at 
the end of the rainy period from September and October. In hilly districts, in the low jungle, every bush is 
then alive with them, where they sit with their wings half open without any fear, so that they are easily cap¬ 
tured. The butterflies go up to altitudes of almost 3000 m, and the type of suffusa was found at this altitude 
prunosa. in the West Himalaya. — prunosa Moore inhabits Ceylon where it likewise occurs in two generations being, 
however, not very 7 sharply separated. of the rainy period-form with a more intensely violet reflection than 
South Indian specimens, beneath with a median band extensively bordered in greyish-violet. of the dry 
period beneath brown instead of plum-coloured, with light coffee-brown longitudinal stripes. Observed flying 
all the year round from the plains up to about 1200 m. In the brushwood and at the skirts of roads, especially 7 
bifasciata. common in June and July and then again in November and December. -—• bifasciata Moore, the most 
splendid branch of echerius. like the of prunosa, but with still more developed black spots. $ very large 
with broad white transcellular bands of the forewings. Both wings, besides traversed by two pronounced greyish- 
brown submarginal bands, being very much undulated. Under surface with light chestnut-brown longitudinal 
stripes on a grey ground. Forewing with a yellowish median band, hindwing with a greyish-white, distincly 
dentated median band. Andamans, one specimen also from the Nicobares in the Indian Museum of Calcutta. 
A. kausambi. With this species which, however, leaves the benefit of doubt in being justified 
to be called a species, a series of Macromalayan forms begins differing from the Indo-Chinese and 
South Indian vicarious types by their small size. The $$ differ from the branches of A. echerius so far dealt 
with by a vast, generally purely white apical area. Only in their off-branches from the Island of Java we 
come again across parallel stripes of the forewings not cohering towards the apex. The occur in two forms: 
a) such with a one-coloured brownish-violet upper surface, and 0) specimens with a faintly 7 indicated, whitish 
small apical spot of the forewings. $ with a somewhat less broad and more sharply defined white spot of the 
forewings than niasana (138 d). Beneath the white spot, however, widens still more than in stasinus (138 e). 
Imago generally common, .of a most coquettish behaviour. They like to walk round on the upper surface of 
leaves flapping with their half-opened wings. They all prefer the woods where, however, they always stay 
in the demi-shade and appear only in the most intense sunshine; In the net they are restless, and their delicate 
paionea. fluff is just as easily taken off as the bloom of a plum. — paionea subsp. nov. is the name of a northern race 
closely allied to kausambi, which I collected in May in the Karen Hills (Burma). It represents to a certain degree 
a connecting link between kausambi and angulata. Upper surface pale red-brown with two yellowish, loosely 
cohering longitudinal stripes of the forewings going down as far as to the middle of the wing. Under surface 
similar as in jhana (140 c), though the median band is not angled. Both longitudinal stripes, however, traver¬ 
sing the whole length of the wings as in jhana, whereas the white bands of kausambi terminate in the median 
part of the forewings. To paionea presumably also belong the kausambi- forms mentioned by -Moore from 
kausambi. the Mergui Archipelago where they were observed from December till March. — kausambi Fldf. is a race rarely 
occurring in the collections, from the Malayan Peninsula and from Singapore. $ about of the habitus of the 
stasinus-^d (138 e), but above of a paler red-brown ground-colour. The $$ differ from their Sumatran sisters 
by a more extensive white area of the forewings, and from kausambioides figured by Distant in 1883 by mistake 
as kausambi Fldr., by the blurred and dull area, while the $ of kausambioides exhibits a purely white, sharply 
niya. defined band depicted also by Distant. - — niya subsp. nov. For this butterfly I am indebted to Dr. L. Martin 
who collected it in the Riouw Archipelago in February 1895. <$ somewhat smaller than kausambi-Qo from 
