774 
ZEMEROS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
(139 a) in the size and scheme of markings, but all the spots above are of a pure white. Malayan Peninsula, 
phyliscus. Penang. — phyliscus Fruhst. (139 a). Both sexes with a longer and broader, though darker whitish subapical 
band of the forewing than in the name-type from Perak. West and North East Sumatra. The little animals 
are not great flyers and are in both sexes met mostly sitting, in the way of Hesperides, with their wings half 
opened, on the umbelliform, whitish-green blossoms and red fruits of a Sambucus-like shrub growing in the 
forest. It is a striking fact that Java is inhabited by the continental form and not by the Malayan (Marti*). — 
sparsus. sparsus Fruhst. (139 a) resembles in the phyliscus, but sparsus does not exhibit any small white submarginal 
spots and. like all the Macromalayan (except the vicarious type from Java), it lacks the median and basal 
white dots. $ much more like the Lombok-race than like the phyliscus -$$ from Sumatra. Nias. In the south¬ 
west satellite islands of Sumatra, probably a number of races allied to sparsus will yet be discovered. In the 
northern satellite islands of Banka and Billiton, jlegyas seems to be rare, for it is not mentioned in the local 
javanus. lists from there. •— javanus Moore, based upon specimens of the dry period-form, resembles the most the con¬ 
tinental Indian race, though the $ appears somewhat more intensely coloured in reel-brown. In the generation 
of the rainy period there occur again series of purely white basal and discal dots, in contrast with the Macro- 
malayan allies. Specimens from East Java are somewhat smaller than those from the surroundings of Suka- 
bumi in the west of the island. It is a common butterfly occurring from the shore up to about 1200 m. In 
the net they are very restless, and they are, therefore, difficult to kill and thus come to Europe mostly only 
balinus. in a damaged state. • — balinus Fruhst. Considerably smaller and darker than Javanese specimens, the 
white speckling of the forewings darkened and the white as well as black dots of the under surface of all wings 
arimazes. smaller. Island of Bali. •— arimazes Fruhst. (139a). A distinct insular race, especially different in the $ and 
connecting jlegyas javanus Moore from Java with retiarius 8m. from Sumbawa. however, still lighter reddish- 
yellow than retiarius -$, with more reduced, darker whitish-yellow submarginal teeth of the forewings. Lombok 
retiarius. at altitudes of 2 to 4000 feet, common. — retiarius 8m. does not quite attain the size of arimazes. $ darker 
with a more sharply defined and, therefore, more distinctly prominent yellowish submarginal dentate band 
strigatus. of the forewing. Sumbawa. — strigatus Pag. is a paler and smaller race of the Island of Sumha. Very rare, 
sosiphanes. only few specimens known. — sosiphanes Fruhst. (140 a) inhabits South Celebes and is based upon the largest 
specimens known of the total species. Upper surface just, as dark red-brown as in albipunctata and phyliscus, 
the anteterminal and submarginal white dotting prominent. Also in the median and basal zone there are 
celebensis. — though indistinct —■ whitish striate-dots. South Celebes. — celebensis Fruhst. (139 a) originates from the 
central part of the island, and was discovered by Doherty in August-September near Tawaya. celebensis 
are specimens of a district with an uncommonly dry climate, since the amount of rain falling during a year 
in the Bay of Palu is only 660 mm, unlike Menado in the north with 4036 mm and Makassar in the south with 
3367 mm. Thus, the habitat of celebensis proves to be the most rainless district of the whole of Dutch India, 
cj- with somewhat more prominent white dots of the forewings than the of sosiphanes. The $ is about like the 
hostius. <j> of phyliscus, but with narrower, dull-white submarginal spots of the upper surface of the forewings. — liostius 
Fruhst., finally, is the last form. the most allied to albipunctata and excelling the $ of phyliscus by narrower, 
longer, but more purely white and cuneiform submarginal spots of the forewings. North Borneo, apparently, 
not very common. 
Z. emesoides is a real Macromalayan species which, like so many of these species, does not go 
over to Java. $ of the character of the figured eso-<$ (139 b, $ figured on t. 140 a). The colouring varies 
according to the insular habitat, from yellowish-brown to red-brown. The $ is always lighter than the and 
its ground-colour may be ochre-yellow to pale yellowish-brown. The black longitudinal striation is likewise 
emesoides. subject to slight differentiations, emesoides Fldr. (140 a) from the Malayan Peninsula may be regarded as 
the lightest areal form. The $ does not differ considerably from light-yellow from North East Sumatra, 
whereas the are very easily distinguishable from of other habitats by their reddish-yellow ground-colour. —- 
zynias. zynias subsp. nov. lies before me in large series from the north and west of Sumatra. $ considerably darker 
than from the Malayan Peninsula. There exist two ^-forms: a quite light ochre-yellow one approximating 
the $ of emesoides, and a smaller, darker one with more prominent black bands. It flies all the year round in 
the woods of the lowlands of the coast and in the foothills, but it is much rarer than Z. jlegyas phyliscus of 
eso. which it has the same habits. Hagen mentions an allied form from the Island of Banka. -— eso Fruhst. (139 b) 
is the melanotic extreme of the whole species. $ more intensely brown than zynias with black longitu¬ 
dinal stripes which are also widened beneath. $ dull pale brownish-yellow with more than twice as broad median 
bands compared with zynias -$$. Name-type from South East Borneo. Common near Sintang. A form being 
especially in the $ somewhat darker from Lumbidan, North Borneo, flying time March, in the Tring Museum. - 
bangueya- bangueyanus Fruhst. approximates eso Fruhst. from Borneo, the <$<$, however, are still darker red-brown, the 
nus ' black longitudinal stripes of oil wings still more sharply defined and apparently broader, than in eso-<$($. Island 
of Banguey. 
