LIBYTHEA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
771 
geoffroy from Java and Timor. In the Island of Dammer, however, there are specimens found of a smaller 
shape, deminuta Fruhst., without white spots of the forewings and a paler violet lustre of the forewings. They 
undoubtedly represent an extreme of the rainless period and are analogous to alompra f. hauxwelli. •— A very 
similar, small form being pale above, sumbensis Pagenst. is reported from the Island of Sumba. — In Celebes, 
but apparently only in the north of the island, celebensis Stgr. is found. There are only 3B known forming 
already a transition to the races from the Moluccas by a broader black distal part, especially of the hindwings. 
In the apical area of the forewing the three white spots are absent, and beneath they are more obsolete than 
in specimens from Timor. Minahassa, collected by Dr. Martin also near Pain. Certainly rare. — philippina 
Stgr. (139 g), described according to specimens from Palawan and figured according to a $ from there of the 
Coll. Fruhstorfer, has a greyish-violet, instead of red-brown basal hue of the hindwings. The white spots 
of the forewings excel in size those of geoffroy. Palawan, flying time January. According to Semper, also 
in Mindanao, Camiguin de Mindanao, Panaon and Bohol, where they fly all the year round. -— bardas subsp. 
nov. is to denote the race from Luzon and Mindoro which Felder knew already, giving it the preoccupied name 
of antipoda. According to Semper, it is distinguishable from more southern forms by a narrower black distal 
border of the hinclwing as well as by a lighter violet lustre of the forewing. To bardas presumably also belong 
33 from Cebu. $$ have so far not come to Europe. — batchiana Wall. (139 g) we have had figured according 
to specimens from the Island of Obi. They correspond in substance with Batjan-specimens, and the Batjan-J 1 ^ 
and - $$ of my collection are hardly separable from Obi- c J ( J and The $ is distinguished by reddish-yellow, 
instead of white, spots of the forewings. •— Of ceramensis Wall. I possess only one couple from the Island of 
Ceram. 3 with a lighter greyish-black distal border of the hindwing. $ less extensively spotted in red-brown 
than batchiana of the North Moluccas and forming already a transition to eugenia- $ by white costal spots of the 
forewings. Rare in Ceram. — maenia Fruhst. lies before me in a large series of 3S from Waigiu. The 3S appro¬ 
ximate ceramensis but the veins of the forewings above are still more sparsely covered with black. Beneath 
they differ by the lighter grey colouring from the more variegated, darker, and more intensely banded 3S 
from Batjan. — eugenia Fruhst. (139 f) differs in the $ from geoffroy of the Micromalayan group of islands 
by the absence of the violet area at the submedian of the forewings. The band of the hindwing is paler, not 
so sharply defined as in batchiana -$. The under surface of the 3$ is more variegated and exhibits more pro¬ 
minent white bands than the under surface of maenia and geoffroy, it is neither so intensely blackish-grey 
as in batchiana. Numerous specimens from Friedrich Wilhelmshafen in my collection. According to Hagen, 
not rare near Simbang in the rainy months. The small animal likes to rest, in great numbers, with its wings 
folded, on the damp sands of the beach. 5 or 6 3<S are equivalent to one $. Specimens from Ivapaur and the 
Key Islands of my collection do not differ from the type from Kaiser Wilhelmsland. Semper mentions a 3 
from Port Moresby, British New Guinea; I have at hand 33 from Owgarra and the Yule Island. — nicevillei 
Olliff is reported as a great rarity from the Lord Howe Island near Australia. It seems not to be quite cer¬ 
tain whether it occurs on the Australian Continent. — antipoda Bsd. is a race nearly allied to geoffroy, 
from New Caledonia. — quadrinotata Btlr. is another race described from Lifu with four white, but peripheri- 
cally ochre-yellow subapical- and discal spots of the forewings. -— orientalis Godt., the easternmost branch, 
inhabits Aloa and Guaclalcanar of the Salomons. It chiefly differs from antipoda by the rounder hindwings. 
$ upper surface with a narrow dark costal- and distal margin. Veins similar as in batchiana, but with a very 
narrow black pruina. -— pulchra Btlr. (= neopommerana Pag.) is almost a distinct species. Upper surface 
more lustrous blue, hindwing with an extensive red-brown submarginal area and a moderately broad brown 
distal border. Under surface differing from geoffroy by the absence of the white median spots of the forewings, 
which are, except the grey costal margin, coloured throughout in red-yellow. New Pommerania. 
deminuta. 
sumbensis. 
celebensis. 
'philippina. 
bardas. 
batchiana. 
ceramensis. 
maenia. 
eugenia. 
nicevillei. 
antipoda. 
quadrino¬ 
tata. 
orientalis. 
pulchra. 
B. Subfamily: Riodinini. 
As the name of a family, Riodinidae was put by Grote in 1895 in the place of the popular name of 
Erycinulae being preoccupied by another class of animals. Moore already accepted this reform in ,,Lepidoptera 
Indica“ and registered the series of species of our district of the fauna by the subfamily of Nemeobinae. The 
Nemeobidae, however, were considered as an independent family by Bingham, according to the division of 
the day-butterflies in the collective work on the Indian Fauna. Schatz-Rober have already in 1892 solved 
the nomenclatural question of the groups of genera in question by distinguishing: Forms of the New World 
with a basal vein of the hindwing: Lemoniinae. Forms of the Old World without it: Nemeobiinae. The name 
of Lemoniinae is not to be used for different reasons the discussion of which appears superfluous here, but it 
is to be replaced by Riodininae. But we have here to deal only with the group first correctly defined by Schatz. 
which we treat as: 
