768 
LIBYTHEA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
markings, (3) with preponderant broad bands, and y) above only yet with rudimentary spots in the <$<$, whereas 
in the the characters of both groups are combined. Egg of the shape of a soda-water bottle, twice as high 
as broad, at the apex with a short neck; with strong interjoined longitudinal ribs. Larva the stoutest in the 
middle, tapering towards the head and the end. Of a green colour, sometimes with a brownish shine. Pupa, 
suspended by the tail, resembles somewhat that of Ergolis and has an entirely flat head forming, when seen 
from above, a square. Pupa is also always stuck on to the under surface of the leaves parallel to the upper sur¬ 
face of the leaf. The imagines live the longest of all the day-butterflies. The small animals possess a rather 
fast, jerky, skipping flight, but they rest frequently and most preferably visit sunny sands at the banks of small 
rivers running through the woods where they are seen sitting with closed wings either on the wet sand or on 
small projecting pieces of drift-wood or on dead branches of the riparian vegetation. In the latter case they 
are recognizable only to a very experienced eye, owing to the colouring of the under surface of the hindwings 
being adapted to the bark, and owing to the leaf-like indentation of the hindwings. The $$ are very rare and 
are the most safely recognized by the hairless forefeet. They sometimes occur in hundreds at wet places, and 
in Africa even migrations were observed according to Dr. Vosselek, for instance near Amani where the swarms 
of Libythea were accompanied by Catopsilia jlorella and continued flying in the same direction for one to two days. 
L. narina, the most insignificant species of the eastern Libythea, is above black with a somewhat 
lighter coloured base of both wings. The scheme of marking and colouring is to be seen from our figures 
(139 f). All the narina- races correspond in the very short basal stripe of the under surface in the cell of the 
forewing, being in all the eastern Libythea much longer and mostly also broader. It is normally slightly red- 
yellow or ochreous, but it may be covered with grey, particularly in continental specimens of the dry period. 
My large series from Siam differs from all the insular races by a lighter grey total colouring of the under sur- 
rohini. face; which characteristic mark wilt presumably disappear again in specimens of the monsoon-period. -—- rohini 
Marsh. (= libera Nicev. 9) (139 f) is the continental representative of the collective species occurring from 
Assam to Tenasserim and the Malayan Peninsula. The $ has the transverse band of the hindwings slightly 
tinged with ochre-yellow. I observed rohini in great numbers during the dry period in January, February, in 
hybrida. Siam. The butterflies settled down on rocks being slightly irrigated by water, along the railway-bank. — hybrida 
31 art., described as $, but in fact based upon $$ of the Sumatran race of narina, a name which may thus be 
maintained, hybrida differs from the Javanese vicarious type by a narrower white band of the upper surface 
narina. of the hindwings. According to Martin, hybrida flies on level beaches. — narina Godt. (139 f) was described 
by its author from Java. The butterfly is known to me as a great rarity only from the promontory of the 
Tengger Mountains and was never noticed by me in the west of the island. Our figure has been depicted 
according to a specimen from the Island of Lombok where the exhibit already a somewhat narrower white 
sumbaivana. band of the hindwings than in Java, though they are also of a size inferior to narina. — sumbawana subsp. nov. 
is just as large as Javanese specimens, but on the upper surface of the hindwings it has a much narrower and 
sangha. sometimes faintly reddish-tinged median band. Sumbawa, in my collection. — sangha subsp. nov. Its size is 
even inferior to the specimens of narina I collected near Sapit in Lombok at an elevation of about 2000 ft. 
The apex of the forewing is more extensively covered with white than in all the other branches of narina, and 
besides, the white spot of the cellule roundish instead of oblong. Hindwing with a prominent white oblique 
canuleia. band. Found by Doherty in Stmiba. A A from the Coll. Dr. Martin in the Coll. Fruhstorfer. ■— canuleia 
Fruhst. inhabits North Celebes where I collected the form in November, December near Toli-Toli. Staudinger 
knew it from the Minahassa and Dr. Martin recently found it near Palu. In spite of the great size of the speci¬ 
mens, the white spots of the forewings as well as the transverse band of the hindwings appear still more reduced 
neratia. than in sumbawana. — In neratia Fldr. (139 f) lying before me only from Halmaheira and Obi, but occurring 
also in Bat j an, the series of dots of the hindwings is sometimes still more blurred than in canuleia, the white 
nahathaka. embeddings of the forewings, however, remain larger. — nahathaka subsp. nov. closely approximates canuleia 
from North Celebes, though it has, like some specimens from Obi, only three small cliscal dots left on the hind¬ 
wing. The spot of the cell of the forewing appears covered with a yellowish colour and is almost extinct. The 
three white preapical spots of the forewings are less considerable than in neratia Fldr. From Ceram from the 
luzonica. Coll. Dr. Martin in my collection. Presumably identical also in Amboina and Burn. — luzonica ( Moore nom. 
7iud.) is, according to Semper’s figure (Schmett. Phil, table 30, fig. 21), distinguished by purely white imposing 
maculae and bands of the upper surface of both wings. Very rare in the Philippines; only one A, flying time 
July, from Luzon and another from South East Mindanao, registered by Semper. Staudinger states that 
hatami. $<$ from Palawan agree with such from Celebes. — hatami Kenr., described according to a §, was discovered 
in the Arfak Mountains, in the north of Dutch New Guinea, at an altitude of about 1000 m. $ the most approxi¬ 
mating the J as it occurs in Central Celebes. Hindwing with a broad band. 
celtis. L. celtis Fuessl. (Vol. I, p. 251, t. 71 f) was recently discovered in Indian territory in Cliitral. I saw 
specimens from there in the British Museum. They excel all the other celtis from European patriae by their 
considerable size and brighter red bands. Flying time August at an altitude of about 3000 m. 
