862 
LYCAENOPSIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
in great swarms and the number of the species is rather great; in the plains, however, we only meet with 
Lye. puspa ; but wherever there are hills and mountains, already several species are met with. 
According to my observations in Japan, the Lycaenopsis were flying there even in the shade of high 
trees of the Uneo Park near Tokio, but Martin states that the Ac? i n Sumatra are exclusively found on 
wet places in the roads and on the sands of small mountain streams. In Java, however, particularly on the 
plateau of Pengalengan, I collected some species even on rainy days in the company of the Ypthima, which 
was then there very common. The however, prefer the forests or their skirts, where they sway to and 
fro on blossoms of compositae or are in search of the larval food-plant. Some species, such as L. cardia, 
are fond of flying across the tops of bushes hanging over the mountain-brooks, where they are very difficult 
to capture. 
A. Ct r o u p of specie s Lycaenopsis. 
L. akasa is the most easily distinguishable Lycaenopsis deviating the most in its colouring from all 
the species known and being besides remarkable by the sexes not being dimorphous, but monomorphous, 
so that they are difficult to discern, particularly in the continental and Javanese races. The range of the 
collective species is most peculiar, too, extending from South India and Ceylon to Celebes, though excluding 
Borneo and the Malayan Peninsula. In the genital organs akasa exhibits a great affinity to L. cardia, but 
between the terminal tooth and the principal part of the valve there remains a larger interspace than in 
inavi.ni. cardia. — mavisa Fruhst. $ above more extensively covered with a bluish grey than from Java. $ with 
a broader black border of the forewing and an increased greyish-black hue on the hindwing. South India: Madura, 
catullus. Travancore (5000 ft.) Ceylon. — catullus Fruhst. (152 c) in both sexes excels the Javanese nomenclatural 
form in size; the $$ are of a pine white, their costal parts with a slight leaden-grey or bluish-grey hue. 
akasa. West Sumatra, North East Sumatra. — akasa Horsf., a characteristic species of the subalpine parts of the 
Javanese volcanos, where it visits wet places on bridle-paths or foot-paths, as well as on the banks of brooks. 
The basal zones of both wings above, in both sexes, is of a most delicate, radiant bluish-grey. 29 extremely 
rare. East and West Java, Lombok at altitudes of about 1200 to 1800 m; I found it in Lombok in April, 
also in Bali at an altitude of 1400 to 2000 m; besides the Leyden Museum possesses specimens from North 
calon. Java, taken near Tegal by Plepers at an altitude of only 500 m. — calon Fruhst. inhabits Sumbawa; it is 
smaller than the preceding, of a purer white, the black marginal bands much narrower. Under surface with 
par akasa. fewer black dots. — parakasa subsp. nov. was observed by Prof. Kukenthal near Rurukan in the Minahassa, 
North Celebes, at an altitude of about 1200 m, and mentioned by Pagenstecher in 1897. My collection has 
no specimens from there. 
L. melaena. In its colouring entirely isolated, anatomically entirely approximating the cardia-akasa 
group, from which it forms a transition to L. camenae Nicev. The species is everywhere rare and is found 
■melaenoi- in Macromalayana except Java, as well as in Indo-China. Three territorial forms are known: melaenoides 
dcs. Tty tier (described 1915 in the Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. vol. 24, Nr. 1, p. 121, and figured t. 3, fig. 28). The 
black border of the wings broader than in melaena Doh. From Perak; there exist besides two temporal forms 
of this race: that of the dry period, flying from December to January, and one of the Monsoon period from 
melaena. July. — melaena Doh. (152 g). Upper surface deep dark steel-blue, the black border of the hindwing in fact 
nearly as broad again as exhibited in the figure. Beneath dull white, with 3 rows of delicate black striae 
on the forewing, and a most pregnant round costal spot on the hinclwing. Tenasserim, Penang, Malayan 
pdleccbrct. Peninsula, Borneo. — pellecebra Fruhst. (152 g) has the purely white under surface in common with camenae, 
but it differs from the latter by the presence of 3 instead of only 2 rows of submarginal striae on the fore¬ 
wing and the more than twice as large jet-black dots, resembling puspa by their size, on the hindwing. 
Upper surface of a most plain though temptingly beautiful marking. Two thirds of the forewing jet-black, 
with a pointed oblong, light metallic blue cliscal part, of a most intense lustre. Hindwing unicolorously blackish- 
grey with diaphanous dots beneath. West Sumatra; Padang Boven District, North East Sumatra. 
L. camenae. An insignificant species, above often remarkably similar to L. cardia dilectus Mr., or 
to L. limbatus Mr. in case the forewing exhibits no light, white area. Originally described only from Perak 
and North East Sumatra, later on ascertained by Chapman also from Borneo and Mindoro, and I myself 
succeeded in discovering it in Celebes and in proving it anatomically for Flores. Thus we have to state 
arsina. already quite a number of insular races. — arsina subsp. nov. was discovered by CIiapman in 1909. It is 
found on Mt. Dulangan in the Island of Mindoro. Without counting the darkened colouring, arsina differs 
morphologically in the genital organs considerably from the sister-races of more southern habitats. Valve as 
well as uncus towards the base very much broader, the apex of the uncus, however, less sharp than in the 
srima. Sumatran race. — selma Drc. (154 c), described from North Borneo, with a rounder wing-contour and a uniformly 
blue upper surface of the wing. Moulton, the well-known and keen explorer of the fauna of Borneo and the 
