872 
LYCAENOPSIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
bothrioides. rainy period, resembling above L. puspa by a very broad black border. — bothrioides Chapm. is the name of 
a deviation, strikingly similar to Bothrinia chennelli Nic. by the roundish shape of the wings and an extensive 
heropfiilus. black marginal area. Assam. -—- herophilus Fruhst. was found in South Annam. The 3 greatly approaches 
c'rfion. victoriae Swh., the $ differing by a broader black distal margin. -— cition Fruhst. replaces there small L. argiolus 
coelestina and belongs to an extreme dry period form. 
L. oreas. In the habitus and genitals this species is so closely allied to L. argiolus that it could perhaps 
be presumed to be merely a very much modified mountain-form of L. argiohis. The marking beneath does 
not show any real differences, and also the genitals differ only by the valve being somewhat broader and smoothly 
cut off before the long-extended apex, whereas L. argiohis shows an indentation at the same place. A race newly 
discovered in the Island of Formosa, however, deviates by its magnificently lustrous dark blue colouring so 
much from all the forms of L. argiolus known that it appears to me to be advisable to acknowledge two species, 
as has also been recommended by Chapman. To the range of the collective species disclosed by Chapman 
areas, we may here add yet the Philippines and Formosa, Avhere it was recently found. — oreas Leech, as its author 
figured it in ,,Butterflies of China“ and Seitz Vol. I, t. 83 f, is a mixed species, since the $ in fact represents 
the real oreas. The presumptive however, according to the immense material put at Oberthur’s disposal 
is a $ of a vicarious species, for which the name astynome was introduced. According to Leech, only in altitudes 
of about 3000 m. Presumably confined to the high mountains. Butler mentions oreas also from the Chusan 
Archipelago and from Futchou. These specimens, however, may presumably be forms of L. argiolus. At any 
rate all the specimens I possess from the habitats situate near the coast, from Canton, Tsingtau and Formosa, 
(n isamis. belong to argiolus. — arisanus Mats, from Arisan in Formosa. The $ differs from Chinese specimens by the 
darker and more violet-blue ground-colour above, resembling on the whole those of L. limbatus Mr. and the 
Nacaduba-species approaching atrata Horsf. and beroe Fldr. The $ exhibits a rather broad, blackish-brown 
distal margin proceeding in the hindwing close to the cell in the shape of black lace. Both sexes in the basal 
part of the hindwing rather extensively tinged bluish-green, otherwise the under surface of the excellent local 
race does not exhibit any differences from L. oreas. Matsumura knew only 1 $ flying in October. and $ are 
arcana , in the Collection Courvoisier, now in the Museum at Basle. -— oreana Swh. from Assam. A large form from 
Continental India, only disclosed by Chapman. Specimens in my possession from Batang, near the frontier of 
alf / crnoni . Yunnan, much rather resemble oreana Swh. than oreas Leech. ■ —- algernoni Fruhst. Chapman mentions as ,, phillip- 
pina “ a form which he identified from a definition of the GoDMAN-Collection. It is, however, not philippina 
Semp., being a local race of L. cardia, but decidedly a branch of L. oreas, differing from the real oreas from China 
only by a somewhat rounder attachment of the valval apex. Philippines, exact habitat unknown. 
asti / nomr . L. astynome Oberth. is apparently not rare in some districts of Tibet and West China, for in the Coll 
Oberthur there are 150 specimens from Yunnan, Szetchouan. This species having hitherto been wrongly 
described differs from L. oreas Leech-Seitz by the black distal marginal area of about 2 mm width on both 
wings which will naturally extend still farther proximally in the $ being unknown to me even in the figure. 
L. limbatus Mr. Next to L. musina (152 h) certainly one of the most constant Lycaenopsis, being 
subject only to insignificant local changes. Chapman has correctly grouped all the races known at his time 
round the nomenclatural type, but it seems not to be quite certain that L. jynteana Nic. belongs to limbatus. 
Evans also expresses his doubts in this respect (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1912, p. 982). jynteana, however, seems 
to be such a doubtful species that its insertion in limbatus does in no way lessen the value of Chapman’s statement. 
limbatus is beside L. puspa the only species that has proceeded to the east as far as the Bismarck Archipelago. 
It accompanies L. cardia, which it resembles very much, and from which it is in the $ almost not discernible 
at all. but very easily in the $. Anatomically, however, it belongs beside L. puspa and argiolus to the forms 
with a tooth-like prolongation of the valve, so that it may be very easily separated from the series of species 
of L. cardia and L.tehella. As to the range of the species in Continental India, only Niceville was correct, all the 
later authors created confusions and even Niceville united a false $ -— the $ of A. cardia dilecta Wr. — with 
hhnitcon. L. limbatus. The northernmost of all the geographical races known hitherto, hiniilcon Fruhst. is very closely 
allied to L. limbatus Mr. (= placida Nic.), from which it differs by the rounder contours of the wings and 
the darker bluish-violet colour above. The costal margin and distal margin of the forewing is narrow black 
as in catreus Nic. The marking beneath more prominent than in limbatus from Aikkim. Formosa, Taihanroku, 
hcffcsander. July; Chip-Chip, at the end of July, occurring in numbers. •— liegesander Fruhst. Smaller, darker, above much 
more extensively bordered with black than Indian placida. Beneath darker grey, all the dots more prominent. 
limbatus. Tonkin, Montes Manson, April-May, 2 to 3000ft. — limbatus Mr. Type from Shillong, Assam. Above it 
resembles entirely the Macromalayan races of L. cardia, and beside the great, unmistakable anatomical differences 
placida. it only differs by the under surface of the hindwings being more dotted. —- placida Nic. may be maintained 
as the name of a dry period form for specimens from Sikkim. Niceville knew specimens from Upper 
Burma, from the frontier of Tavoy-Siam, and from Penang. For South Indian and Ceylon specimens, 
