880 
PITHECOPS. By H. Fruhstqrfer. 
of Lycaenopsis albidiscus. Oedeagus exactly as in the other Pithecops. Thus we have here again the relapse 
to the genuine Lycaena- type being expressed also in the pupa not exhibiting a monkey-face on the dorsum. 
Doherty already noticed the difference of the sexual organs of Neopithecops which he says to be ,,simply clavate“, 
i. e. provided with a small knot, in contrast with those of Pithecops in which they end into two opposed apices 
looking like a pair of tongs, which is in fact the case in hylax. The eggs are likewise a little different. In Pithecops 
the projecting lines laterally form triangles, in Neopithecops quadrangles. But all these trifling details are not 
able to sustain the genus, the less so since there are even transitions for the apparent great divergency of the 
veins, and that on the African soil, where the forms allied with Pithecops exhibit the first subcostal approaching 
the costal (genus Thermoniphas Karsch.). The development of the temporal forms reaches in Neopithecops 
its climax within the small group of species, and Swinhoe even speaks of an extreme dry period form which 
he also illustrates (Lepicl. Indica t. 627, fig. 2 e). — The species is chiefly distributed in the west, passing also 
over to the Andamans where hylax is absent, and we state it here for the first time to occur in the islands to 
the east of New Guinea, whereas hitherto the Darnley Island to the north of Queensland was regarded as the 
extreme outpost. — The larva was since Niceville in 1899 known to live on Glycosmis in South India. 
Kershaw only succeeded in observing the whole development of the species in Hongkong. Egg greenish-white, 
hemispherical, granulated, deposited between the axillae of the twigs and small branches of the food-plant 
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Aurantiaceae), a shrub occurring both in tropical Asia and in Australia. Larva of a 
beautiful light green with sharply defined segments. Head yellowish, near the mandibles spotted brown. Body 
scantily covered with short white hair, particularly above the anus and in a lateral band above the anterior 
legs. Under surface and legs lighter green. Larva invariably resting on the underside of leaves in such a way 
that the head is entirely hidden in the second segment. Pupa of a short, obtuse shape, light green, and very 
thinly haired whitish. 
fedora. 
dolona. 
zalmora. 
gaura. 
todara. 
dharma. 
horsfieldi. 
indigeta. 
tituria. 
lucifer. 
P. zalmora Btlr. *) is divided into a whole series of territorial and insular geographical forms. — fedora 
Fruhst. (154 e) is of a larger habitus than the Indian race, upper surface in the dry period form always without 
white on the hindwings, only with a rather extensive whitish part covered with grey on the forewings. Specimens 
of the rainy period, however, throughout greyish-brown. Formosa. — dolona Fruhst. 2 differing from the 
5 of the extreme dry period form of the Himalayan district by the smaller white lustre on the forewing and 
the more purely white distal half of the hindwing above. The winter-form flies in November, January. Other¬ 
wise throughout the year in the small village-forest on the Nanning River in Kwangsi. Egg hemispherical, 
granulated, greenish white, singly deposited in the axilla of the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Imago flying 
similarly as the Gerydinae (Kershaw). South China, Hongkong. — zalmora Btlr. was published by its author 
without the habitat being mentioned. According to Bingham, this type belongs to an intermediary forming 
the transition from specimens of the rainy period to those of. the dry period, and exhibits only a small white 
spot in the disc of the forewing. — As gaura Mr. the winter-form was described showing beside large white 
patches on the forewings also whitish-hued hindwings. From the Kumaon-Himalaya to Burma. I found it 
in the dry period in South Annam. On the Naga Hills Doherty met with zalmora oftener than with hylax, 
at an altitude of about 600 m. —- todara Mr. i. 1. are specimens from South India which, according to lying 
before me from Madras, exhibit a purer ground-colour of the white areas of the upper surface, and an 
increased brownish-black spotting on the forewing beneath compared with Ceylon-specimens. Southern part 
of the peninsula of Dekan, from Orissa to the southern extremity. — dharma Mr. According to Niceville 
very common in the lowlands of the Island of Ceylon, occurring also in the Andamans. Of dharma likewise 
two temporal forms are known differing greatly from each other. -— horsfieldi Dist. Described according to 
one specimen known to the author from the Malayan Peninsula. The forewing above uni-coloured brown. 
Sumatran specimens differ from them by the presence of distinct whitish spots which are not much larger in 
the $. From Borneo, where zalmora also occurs, I was so far not able to obtain specimens. — indigeta Fruhst. 
d'Q of both temporal forms analogous to hylax from Java on the forewing beneath with a more extensive, smoke- 
coloured brown apical hue and more prominent, small, brown submarginal bands of both wings. of the 
rainy period form uniformly brown, larger than Sumatran specimens. $ of the dry period form with a larger 
whitish oval powdered with brown on the forewing than in the other Macromalavan races. The $ thereby 
forms an interesting transition to the forms of the southern satellite islands of Celebes. Bavean, East and 
West Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Sumba. Must yet be found in Lombok. — tituria Fruhst. almost quite the 
same. Forewing with a large, purely white, oval spot. Hindwing with a distinct, likewise purely white distal 
margin, markings beneath much more delicate than in any of the insular races known hitherto. A magnificent 
transition to zalmora lucifer Rob. from the Aru and Key Islands, but separated from this insular race by the 
small size and the white-margined hindwings. Tanah Djampea, Dec. 1895. Dry period form in Coll. Fruh¬ 
storfer. —■ lucifer Rob. (154 d) is undoubtedly the most beautiful form in which the white disc of the forewing 
is most completely developed. Beneath most closely allied to the Javanese indigeta. Aru and Key Islands, 
*) Genitals with. Chapman Proc. Zool. Soc. 1909, p. 475, f. 121. 
