884 
CASTALIUS. By H, Fruhstorfer. 
India 
Malayan 
Peninsula 
Sumatra 
Borneo 
Java 
Celebes 
Philippines 
New-Guinea 
ananda 
ananda 
ananda 
ananda 
_ _ _ 
_ _ _ 
mindarus 
rosimon 
rosimon 
rosimon 
rosimon 
rosimon 
rosimon 
rosimon 
evena 
ethion 
ethion 
ethion 
ethion 
ethion 
ethion 
ethion 
cyara 
—--- 
— 
■—-- 
—- 
-—. 
ilissus 
— — — 
—- 
-- —. 
roxus 
roxus 
roxus 
roxus 
roxus 
roxus 
- - - 
elna 
elna 
elna 
elna 
elna 
elna 
- - - 
- - - 
caleta 
— — —. 
—. — — 
— — — 
— — — 
caleta 
caleta 
- - - 
hamada 
hamada 
hamada 
hamada 
liamada 
fasciatus 
_ _ _ 
- - - 
— —. — 
mahanetra 
mahanetra 
—. — — 
_ _ _ 
—- 
—. —. — 
From the Ethiopean fauna 11 species of Castalius are known, distributed by Aurivillius on two groups 
between which Axjrivillius inserts the African vicarious type of Tarucus telicanus; which proceeding was 
not justified b\ the anatomy, for all the members of the seventh and ninth groups are, according to Aurivillius, 
genuine Ccistalius of which only the species 18 of Axjrivillius, i. e. theophrastus, must be eliminated, since 
this latter species does not belong to Castalius, but to Tarucus. The groups eight and nine mixst therefore be 
combined, and the group eight must henceforth comprise, instead of one, two species ( telicanus and theophrastus). 
Castalius isis Drury placed to a separate division by Afrivillius has a peculiarity — male androconia —- 
as the only Castalius exhibiting them, whereas all the other species are without androconia. 
Group of species Taraka Nic. 
In the neuration different from Upolampes and Castalius only by the first subcostal of the forewing 
being quite separate and even removed far away from the costal. Eyes bare. Clasping-organs beside those 
of Upolampes striata the most primitive in the whole group, clumsier and plainer than in most of the genuine 
Lycaenids anyhow. The uncus which is extended into a point is without the apophysis lateralis. The valve 
is built analogous to that of striata, but with indentations at the distal end. Oedeagus slender, somewhat like 
in the ethion- group of the genus Castalius. Onl\ two species, one of which is distributed through the whole 
oriental region, whilst the other is confined to Perak and Sumatra. 
T. hamada. Under this name the most heterogeneous elements were hitherto mixed up, which is 
hamada. obvious at a look at t. 83 in the Palearctic Part and 154 in Yol. IX. — hamada Drc. (Vol. I, p. 383, t. 83 f, g) 
inhabits the chief Island of Hondo of Japan. Specimens from there by their considerable size approach oui' 
European Lycaena arion. Especially fine imagines are found on the mountains near Nikko, and the $$ from 
there show a faint whitish brightening in the disc of the forewing. According to Pryer, however, both sexes 
probably exhibit entirely blackened forewings near Yokohama. It flies in the bamboo-bushes on the banks 
nterposita. of rivers in July and August. — interposita subsp. nov. considerably differs by the pointed instead of roundish 
contours of the wings from the allied race from the chief island, and besides always remains much smaller, 
but beneath it exhibits still much more prominent black speckles than hamada. Kiushiu, from the surroundings 
of Nagasaki, brought along from my expedition there. Several newer forms we may expect yet from the Liu- 
isona. Kiu Islands. —- isona subsp. nov. we call the Chinese territorial race having been known long ago, though its 
difference from the Japanese nomenclatural form was not recognized. In its habitus it approximates isona 
of interposita, but it remains far behind the Hondo-race. Wings much narrower and thereby appearing longer. 
Upper surface blackish-grey. The abundant dotting beneath is very variable, but owing to the small size of 
the specimens much more prominent than in hamada from Nikko. Type from Fokien, South China, in the Munich 
Museum. Leech reports isona from the valley of the Yangtse, besides from Szetschuan (Mupin) and from the 
Omei-shan. The isona are very conspicuous, when they settle down on the upper surface of leaves and exhibit 
their black-speckled under surface. — From Formosa only small specimens are known to me, whereas the 
that aba. majority of the Hondo-specimens are remarkably large. The Formosa-race, tlialaba subsp. nov., however, 
differs from the nomenclatural form not only by its smaller shape, but beneath also by the very much reduced 
mendesia. black maculae which are even more minute than in the Javanese vicarious form. — mendesia Fruhst. (154 f). 
The white spotting of the upper surface in the $2 is more extensive than in haniada from Japan, the black 
spotting beneath, however, much smaller. Continental India from Sikkim, Assam to Burma, from North Borneo 
only known from the Kina-Balu. Type from North East Sumatra, from where also the figured specimens ori¬ 
ginate. Doherty, according to Elwes’ statements, found the continental hamada mendesia Fruhst. near Marg- 
herita in Assam, Bernardmyo in Upper Burma and on the Naga and Karen Hills. Swinhoe is of the opinion 
