886 
CASTALIUS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
alarbus. 
approxima- 
tus. 
baghavus. 
adoniram. 
sostrus. 
catrionus. 
godari l. 
si lets. 
monrosi. 
projecting into the plains as an erratic guest. — alarbus subsp. nov. inhabits the Andamans and in an allied 
form also the Nicobars. By the broad margins of all the wings, the reduced blue reflection, it approaches the 
Sumatran race. According to Bingham, the Andaman-specimens belong to the darkest found in the British 
Museum. Specimens', however, that I collected in Ceylon, prove to be much lighter than rosimon from Assam, 
they are more narrowly margined black and resemble much more the Javanese adoniram Fruhst. than continental 
Indian specimens. In Ceylon rosimon is of very frequent occurrence inhabiting there uncultivated districts 
and the sparse jungles of the lowlands where it is always found together with the much rarer C. ethion colmus 
Fruhst. — approximatus Btlr. By this name the Burmese form may be detached, because during the dry period 
there occur specimens exhibiting instead of black, brown spots on the hindwings beneath. Burma, Pegu. —- 
baghavus subsp. nov. is found in North East Sumatra and Banka and may be regarded as the most easily recogni¬ 
zable insular race, being conspicuous for the broader brownish-black margining of the wings and particularly 
also the basal spotting. — adoniram subsp. nov. forms a strong contrast with the Sumatran race by the extent 
of the white ground-colour together with the reduction of the brownish-black marginal bands. Besides there 
occur particularly in the East Javanese specimens and those from the Island of Bali temperal forms of 
which extreme forms, such as <$$ found by Dr. Martin in Bali in September, already remind us of the hibernal 
race chota from North India, adoniram is found in the whole of Java and seems no more to inhabit altitudes 
of more than 1000 m, but it probably prefers the neighbourhood of the coast and is e. g. according to Piepers 
very common in Batavia. — The larva living on ,,bidara“ (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.) is yellowish-green with a 
lighter dorsal line. Under the lens numerous white spots become visible, as well as short whitish or 
reddish hairs. The pupa is sometimes light, sometimes dark green, with a brown dorsal line, otherwise 
more or less spotted brown. A pupa of the 16th of May yielded the imago on the 23rd, another one of the 17th 
of May on the 24th. —- sostrus subsp. nov. differs much more from Javanese specimens by the continental 
chota-\\ke reduction of the black margining and speckling of the wings above and by the predominant wdiite 
of the ground-colour. Collected by Dr. L. Martin in the Island of Madura in June 1914 and Bali in September 
1906. —- catrionus subsp. nov. forms an interesting transition from Javanese specimens to those of the 
Lesser Sunda Islands. The temporal forms are distinctly separated and that of the dry period joins the normal 
adoniram, so that from Lombok of April and from Bima in Sumbawa of August may not be separated from 
d'd' from Sukabumi and Lawang in Java. Imagines of the Monsoon period, however, form the transition to 
the Celebic insular race by the jet-black, progressive margining of the wings and the darker blue tint of the 
basal zone of the hindwing. Lombok; up to an altitude of about 700 m, Sumbawa. —- godarti Fruhst. is the 
name by which I comprised in my collection all the small-sized and therefore also only feebly black-spotted 
specimens inhabiting Micromalayana to the east of Sumba. The completest retrogressive form of godarti is 
attained in the Island of Savu. Micromalayana, Wetter, Sumba, Flores, Savu, Alor, Kisser. — silas subsp. 
nov. was already known to Distant, Snellen and Rober from Celebes, but I did not observe it there. The 
description of the rather little characteristic form is here made possible by the material captured by Dr. Martin 
near Makassar in September and October 1906. Imagines of a smaller habitus than those of catrionus from 
Sumbawa, above very much like them, but beneath easily separable by the more prominent black maculae. 
Surroundings of Makassar, September till November, Island of Kambaena to the west of Buton (reported by 
Jurriaanse and Lindemans). — rosimon was hitherto not yet observed in North Celebes and the Moluccas. 
But it is not improbable that the species may yet be discovered in North Celebes where it might have proceeded 
by way of the Philippines. —- monrosi Semp. chiefly deviates from the nomenclatural type by the transcellular 
black spot of the forewing extending parallel with the costal margin, thus horizontally, whereas in rosimon 
it is placed vertically and does not cohere with the small stripe at the cell-wRll. Philippines, Luzon, 
Samar, flying all the year round, though apparently rare. Unknown to me in nature. 
C. ethion absolutely contrasts with rosimon-, it is the most variable species of the genus, and in a 
series of magnificent local forms it proceeds from India to the Philippines, some branches having been hitherto 
regarded as species. The clasping-organs show a peculiarity by the neatest formation of the valve in the 
whole genus, whilst the shape of the tegumen already joins the other Castalius. The styloid valve is analogous 
to that of Lampides aratus Cr. The oedeagus, in contrast with rosimon, already shows the clumsy contours 
of the other Castaliinae. But in spite of the great sensitiveness of ethion to purely geographical influences, 
still in no race temporal forms have been observed, so that ethion has to be regarded as climatically more resistent 
than C. rosimon. The early stages are known since 1896 like those of C. rosimon, having been described by 
Davidson, Bell and Aitken in the Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Beng. p. 380 and figured on t. 4 fig. 4 and 4 a, 
and they were recently once more diagnosticated at large by Bell in the same Journal, together with that 
of C. rosimon and decidia. The larva like that of the other Castalius lives on Rhamneae, such as Zizyphus 
ethion. jujuba Lamk. and Z. xyloporus Willd. — ethion Dbl. & Hew. is the nomenclatural type from Silhet. I found 
