CASTALIUS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
887 
it in South Annam and Swinhoe reported it from the whole Indo-Chinese region, from Burma to Tonkin and 
Siam. Besides it has come already before that from the Mergui Archipelago. The $ is extremely rare, resem¬ 
bling above the d'd' of Ccistalius roxus Godt. by the entire absence of violet colouring, but beneath in no essential 
way different from the The $$ are, moreover, likewise rare in Indo-China; Doherty for instance found 
only one specimen on the Karen Hills. — vavasanus subsp. nov. is an eminent territorial form, and I wonder 
that it has not attracted the attention of the authors hitherto, for it deserves a name just as well as airavati 
Doh. White band above uncommonly broad, more extensive than in the form from Ceylon, which is especially 
remarkable in the $ being otherwise quite black and excelling in the extent of the white zone even the broadest- 
banded d'tj of C. roxus. It is very-likely that there occur also temporal forms of vavasanus about which nothing 
was yet published. South India, type from Madras in the Munich Museum. Common on the low slopes of 
the Nilgiri Hills. — colmus subsp. nov. (145 h as ethion) is, compared with vavasanus , very much darkened 
— the black margining of the wings being increased in extent —-, whereas all the small black bands and spots 
beneath are narrowed quite in contrast with the otherwise melanotic insular colouring of the race. Ceylon, 
occurring all the year round, except the very dry period. I am not able to state how far the Andaman form 
deviates from colmus, as I have no specimens from there. — airavati Doh. is an excellent insular race known 
by the figures of Nicevilie and Swinhoe and hitherto always treated as a species. <$ distinguished by a narrowed 
white zone above as in the Nias-race, and very broad black markings beneath. In the $ there is an isolated 
black spot in the intramedian part of the white band above. Nicobars. — thalimar subsp. nov. is the form 
of the Malayan Peninsula differing from Burmese specimens by increased black spotting beneath, thereby 
excelling also Sumatran ethionides Fruhst., but deviating from them by the narrower black border of the wings 
and a considerably broader white median band above. Malayan Peninsula, Penang, Singapore. — ethionides 
Fruhst. Of a larger habitus than specimens from Sikkim, Ceylon, Java. Above at once recognizable by the 
broader black border of both wings and beneath by the more prominent black spots. West Sumatra, Padang Pand- 
jang, North East Sumatra. —- babicola van Eecke is an excellent insular race, characteristic by the equably 
broad median band above. Beneath with more delicate black maculae and bands than in the Sumatran vica¬ 
rious form. Pulu Babi, Simalur-Group. — niasanus Swh. Distinguished bv the white, median band of the 
being entirely covered with blue scales, so that the whole upper surface of all the wings is opalescent blue. 
The $ having not been described hitherto resembles that of airavati, except the white zone of the forewing 
enclosing two blackish maculae and the postmedian band of the hindwing being broken up into isolated, small 
greyish-black spots. Island of Nias, where it is apparently not rare, as there are beside 8 $<$ of.the Coll. 
Fruhstorfer 20 and 5 $$ of the Munich Museum before me. — sangarius Fruhst. $ of a larger habitus 
than Javanese and Sumatran specimens, the white median band, however, still much narrower. The black 
spotting and bands beneath still more extensive than in ethionides and almost as broad as in ilissus Fldr. from 
North Celebes and thus excelling all the Macromalayan vicarious forms by its luxuriant black marking. Island 
of Bawean. — gadames Fruhst. is the most closely allied to the Ceylon form, though with a more extensive 
white median zone of the wings above in both sexes. The contours of the white median band are more sharply 
defined, distally not angled as in ethion from Ceylon and the continent. The black marking beneath is more 
prominent, the spots more coherent than in ethion ethion. East Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba. Piepers 
found gadames near Batavia and also near Bodjonegoro in Central Java. -— Larva on ,,bidara-utan“ and 
,,duri tjandel“. Larva of an oval shape bent up high, when it runs, the legs are distinctly visible, which 
is mostly not the case in the other Javanese Lycaenids. Colour green with a very dark dorsal stripe, whitish 
green transverse lines indicate the articulation of the different segments. Body with short hair, the lateral 
hair longer, sometimes whitish, but occasionally also reddish. Pupa light green, with some dark dorsal spots. 
A pupa of the 5th of March yielded the imago on the 12th. — icenus Fruhst. Beside airavati and niasana 
the insular form deviating the most from the nomenclatural type. The black border still broader than in ethio¬ 
nides, and the white median band on both wings just as narrow as in ilissus, without however exhibiting the 
sharp contours of the band in ilissus or ulysses. The under surface is, particularly considering the small size 
of the imagines, most prominently spotted black. To icenus certainly also belong the specimens of the 
Leyden Museum reported by van Eecke from the Anambas Islands, unless they represent a still more progressive 
melanotic race, which we must always presume in Lycaenids from satellite islands. South East Borneo, North 
Borneo, Anambas Islands. — ulysses Stgr. (145 i). This interesting race forms the transition from oriental 
C. ethion to the North Celebic C. ilissus. Beneath at once discernible by the median spots of the forewing being 
united to a band cohering at the same time with the subbasal stripe and forming a beautifully curved bow. 
Palawan, similar specimens also reported by Semper in the other Philippines and from Luzon to Mindanao. — 
ulyssides 8m. (145 k). This zoogeographically interesting race very closely approaches above C. ethion icenus 
from Borneo, but the white bands are somewhat broader; for the rest, however, just as angled and projecting 
as in ethion from Lombok. On the under surface the maculae, in contrast with Macromalayan ethion, already 
vavasanus. 
colmus. 
airavati. 
thalimar. 
ethionides. 
babicola. 
niasanus. 
sangarius. 
gadames. 
menus. 
ulysses. 
ulyssides. 
