888 
CASTALIUS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
Hiss us. 
leoninus. 
cosimon. 
fasciatus. 
adorabilis. 
roxus. 
roxana. 
begin to be united to bands, only in single specimens they remain yet isolated. The under surface thus already 
approaches the North Celebic C. ilinus- race, whilst the upper surface still exhibits the light blue and the shape 
of the white median zone of the Macro- and Micromalayan ethion- forms. The 2 seems not yet to be known. 
South Celebes, discovered by Doherty. Sama/iga, November 1895, Bua-Kraeng at an altitude of about 5000 ft., 
March 1896 (H. Fruhstorfer leg.). The neighbouring islands of Celebes will most likely produce still more 
ethion- races. 
C. ilissus, the most eminent species of the Island of Celebes and hitherto only known from there. 
ilissus is distributed in the island itself in three local forms, of which we figure ilissus Fldr. (145 k), the nomen- 
clatural form from the north. Felder stated only ,,Celebes“ as its habitat, but his figure is undoubtedly that 
of the northern form. I found ilissus in November-Dccember 1895 near Toli-Toli, where I also discovered the 
5 having been unknown and not described hitherto, chiefly differing from the by the absence of the blue 
hue on both wings above. — leoninus subsp. nov. is the magnificent form discovered by Dr. Marten in the 
surroundings of the Bay of Palu in Central Celebes. Perhaps the larger specimens from there only are the represen¬ 
tatives of a dry period, a natural and almost matter-of-fact feature in the purely Australian climate of the 
district of Palu. The latter is regarded, except a strictly localized xerothermal district in Central Java, as that 
place in the whole insular India that shows by far the least amount of rain with about 145 mm. This almost 
entire absence of r a i n causes a most peculiar vegetation. — Opuntiae and Capparideae *) — in the border¬ 
land of which the Castalius fly. leoninus shows an almost twice as broad white zone as specimens from the 
rainy district of Toli-Toli, and the band remains besides more rectilinear and is peripherically surrounded by 
a still more intense and lighter blue than is the case in ilissus. The widening of the white median band 
is also noticed on the under surface apparently exhibiting a more luxuriant creamy hue than the vicarious 
races of the north and south. It presumably flies all the year round, for there are GS before me from January 
till November. — cosimon subsp. nov. is inferior to the northern vicarious forms in the size and development 
of the white median band. Besides the black serpentine lines and small bands beneath are narrowed, perhaps 
only on account of the small size of the imagines. Surroundings of Makassar, November 1906. 
C. fasciatus Rob. This magnificent species, undoubtedly the most beautiful and also largest of 
the Asiatic Castalius, according to the structure of the genital organs, belongs to the ethion- group and is distin¬ 
guished by its highly developed structure from all the other species known. The valve consists of the two 
styloid clasps exhibited also by ethion, and is besides armed with two uncommonly long, sword-shaped 
appendices. The uncus differs from C. ethion by the presence of the apophysis lateralis. The oedeagus is slender 
and, as in C. rosimon, tapering off towards the apex. C. fasciatus thus forms a group of its own among the 
Castaliinae, and English authors would, according to the precedent of Lycaenopsis, establish a separate genus 
for the species merely on account of the presence of the apophysis lateralis. The neuration, however, in contrast 
with the internal organs, remains similar to the other Castalius. Two insular races, in addition to which certainly 
some more will be yet discovered in the other satellite islands of Celebes: fasciatus Rob. from Bangkai. Only 
one $ known hitherto. — adorabilis Fruhst. (153 b). $ almost half the size larger than the $ represented by 
Rober. Upper surface of a peculiar sky-blue, in a lateral light with a slight violet shine. The costal and distal 
margins narrowly bordered with black. Before the anal angle one black streak and one blind eye-spot, thus 
creating a marking as in many Lampides. Under surface analogous to fasciatus, all the stripes showing through 
above. North Celebes, Toli-Toli, November-December 1895 (H. Fruhstorfer leg.). 
C. roxus Godt. This species initiates the proper Castaliinae with homogeneous genera; above without 
blue bands and with a so very analogous arrangement of the black margin and of the white median zone on 
both wings that the different species cannot be distinguished at all above or only vaguely. Common to all the 
species is a clumsy, broad, short, mortar-shaped oedeagus with a sharply armed extensible cuneus. The species 
is distributed from Indo-China to Siam and Tonkin, in the whole of Macro- and Micromalayana, in Celebes 
and all the Philippines. Staudinger besides mentions New Guinea in the description of his var. cohaerens, 
but this habitat has not been fully established by the results of Doherty’s collections. — roxana Nic. is 
the first and hitherto only name the continental branch of the collective species has received. The description 
refers, as Bingham (Fauna India II, p. 429) quite correctly comprehended, to specimens of a very extreme 
dry period form, as they were hitherto only found in uncommonly barren regions of Burma. A series 
of roxxis which I observed in Siam and Tonkin, appears somewhat smaller than the Javanese nomen - 
clatural type, but it is beneath scarcely separable from Javanese roxus, whilst roxana is besides conspi¬ 
cuous by a broader white median zone on both wings above, roxana seems to be very rare on the 
continent. Niceville writes that he got sight of but few Burmese imagines. Burma, Tenasserim, Shan 
States, Chin and Karen Hills. Of the Andaman form which quite certainly belongs to a separate race 
*) Note. Perhaps also Euphorbiaceae with succulent, leaves. 
