NACADUBA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
917 
N. biocellata Fldr. is a minute species, not even attaining the size of Azanus ubaldus (153 c and 
Vol. XIII, t. 73 d). Above lustrous brown, beneath almost earth-coloured; on the forewing only the sub¬ 
marginal and marginal rows of spots are distinctly developed; the cell-end spot is extensive, but dull. On the 
hindwing there is above the subanal eyespot another distinct black dot, and the disc contains 6 to 8 lighter 
spots with darker rings. Australia. — armillata Btlr. is an isolated race of this species from the New Hebrids. 
N. deplorans Btlr. is a far remote form; it was described as Lampides ; from the Loyalty Islands. 
N. viola Mr. (154 c). As mentioned above several times, it is recognizable by the very pointed fore¬ 
wings and the shape of the hindwing extending almost rectilinearly from the apex to close in front of the 
small tail and then only turning round at the very slightly projecting anal part. The species has an immense 
range extending from the Himalaya to the south as far as the southern coast of Australia, where I saw the $$ 
yet swarming in rather misty weather, with their heads downwards resting on the grass-blades of Spirifex. 
The insects, however, are not inclined to the formation of geographical races. The typical form extends from 
Sikkim to the south as far as Ceylon and the Andamans; also distributed across the Sunda Archipelago. Beneath 
this form shows the distal one of the dark nebulous bands shortened. — merguiana Air., from the Mergui Archi¬ 
pelago, near the coast of Indo-China, has perhaps somewhat rounder wings, but it probably hardly deserves 
a separate name. Even the somewhat paler Australian form was not separated, and also hermus Fldr. from 
the Moluccas is, according to Bingham, to be united with viola. If this be done justly, the species must be named 
hermus (1860), wdiilst viola (1877) becomes a synonym. But it seems to be likely that unicolor Bob. which is 
said to fly in Ceram, is identical with hermus from Amboina; Rober describes his unicolor without mentioning 
any difference from hermus ; in this case that both names referred to one Moluccan race, hermus would have 
to be placed for unicolor (1885). unicolor, according to Rober, is found yet in the Key Islands and in Celebes. 
— viola seems to be a rather rare species, but in Australia it is rather regularly met with in quite certain, 
though very narrowly confined habitats, in the immediate vicinity of the town of Sydney (Mosmans Bay) and 
on the Paramatta. 
N. ancyra Fldr. (= almora Drc., aberrans Elio., pseustis Doh.) is a species described from Amboina 
and distributed far into the Pacific Ocean. The differences of the forms being peculiar to the different islands, 
however, are so small that we assume but one form from Burma almost through the whole Indo-Chinese Archi¬ 
pelago. The under surface of this species peculiarly resembles a Theda, and the small form gaura Doh. (152 i) 
from Sumbali, being distinguished by its small size and by the under surface being whitish-grey instead of 
almost earthy-brown, exhibits a remarkable correspondance with Thecla-i or ms of the sophocles-, cestri- or ligia- 
group from America, and we find entirely the image of a Thecla valentina resting on the grass in the pampas 
of Argentina with its head downwards and half-opened wings by the Nac. jlorinda settling in the same attitude 
on the grass of Spirifex in the grassy plains of New South Wales, which appears the more remarkable since the 
landscape is the same and the other lepidoptera flying there make the same impression, namely Danais archippus 
here as w r ell as there; Pyrameis kershawi in Australia, Pyram. carye in Argentina; Precis vellida in Australia, 
Prec. lavinia in Argentina; Deiopeia pulchella in Australia, Deiop. ornatrix in Argentina, and so on. — Erom 
the typical ancyra may yet be separated: rita Srn. from the Islands of Wetter, Timor, Alor, Pura, Adonara; 
furthermore subfestivus Bob. from Celebes. Under surface very irregularly marked, the transverse stripes more 
broken up into separate, very light-ringed spots. — florinda Btlr. from Australia as well as from the New Hebrids 
and the Loyalty Islands. The form being unknown tome is described as follows: hindwing above ultramarine 
blue, forewdng with a narrow dark blue distal margin, fringes distally white; hindwing with a broKvn costal- 
marginal area, distal margin with narrow dark brown spots, the spot above the tail black, with a narrow orange 
halo; fringes white, spotted brown. Wings beneath chalky white, with a blackish marginal line; before the mar¬ 
gin a row of mostly brown small spots bordered by a thin brown line; through the disc extends an irregular, in 
the hindwing angular chain of spots bordered with brown, at the cell-end a double spot. Forewing with a double 
line through the cell and a spot bordered with brown behind the middle of the costa. Hindwing with a slightly 
angular row of spots through the cell, at the proximal margin 1 or 2 brown lines, anal eyespot with an orange 
halo. All the brown-margined spots beneath with snow-white borders, 1 to iy 2 lines. Lifu. — amaura Drc. from 
the Salomons only differs from typical specimens by the grey colouring beneath. - — maniana Drc. are particularly 
large male specimens, whereas ligamenta Drc. are small, beneath almost white $$. — exponens Fruhst. are 
specimens from the Cocos Islands which are far isolated in the south west of Sumatra, where lepidoptera occur 
that are preferably imported by the numerous ships taking in coal. Even this remote form differs but. little 
from the Malayan specimens; above uni-coloured dark brown, beneath with somewhat more distinctly marked 
spots. — All these forms of ancyra correspond in the forewing beneath exhibiting a ringed spot right across the 
middle of the cell, whereby the species resembles certain forms of nora. 
biocellata. 
armillata. 
deplorans. 
viola. 
merguiana. 
unicolor. 
ancyra. 
gaura. 
rita. 
subfestivus. 
florinda. 
amaura. 
maniana. 
ligamenta 
exponens. 
N. onycha Heio. (152 i) also shows an under surface marked like Thecla-, the submarginal chain of onycha. 
spots, and the transverse spots at the end and in the middle of the cell are distinctly marked dark and margined 
